Competitive Interactions Among Forest Tree Populations in Norfolk, England, During the Last 10000 Years

Bennett, K. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb02897.x

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Eraxinus pollen is regularly present from c. 6600 BP with the major increase occurring c. 5900 BP. At the Norfolk sites of Bennett (1983Bennett ( , 1986 a) the arrival oi Eraxinus is accompanied by a further decline in Corylus. The reverse is the case at Pannel Bridge, Corylus pollen values increase along with those of Eraxinus.…”

Section: The Dryland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iversen (1960;1973) and more recently Bennett (1983Bennett ( , 1986 have suggested that hazel would be replaced by Tilia, a tree of greater stature. At Pannel Bridge Tilia pollen occurs regularly from as early as c. 8500 BP, although pollen values do not increase until after the decline in hazel; 7000±90BP (SRR-2890).…”

Section: The Dryland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soils suitable for Pinus sylvestris, sand\ and acidic (Huntley & Birks, 1983), would certainly have existed within the Pannel valley. Bennett (1984Bennett ( , 1986 regards the Flandrian history oi Pinus as one of exclusion under competition from deciduous taxa and the steady decline in pine representation during PB2 is accompanied by successive increases in the pollen of deciduous trees.…”

Section: The Dryland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flandrian vegetational history of southeastern England. Pollen data from Pannel Bridge, East Sussex

Waller

1993

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYPollen data, plant macrofossil remains and lithostratigraphy are used to reconstruct Flandrian vegetational history frotn a coastal site in south-eastern England. The record at this site, Pannel Bridge in East Sussex, extends back to c. 10000 BP and is the most complete so far obtained from this region.The thirteen pollen assemblages zones defined reflect, in part, the complex development of the site. Prior to c. 8500 BP, wetland in the Pannel valley was localized around the site. Between c. 8500 and c. 6000 BP, in response to changes in coastal configuration, such areas underwent expansion and the valley floor was occupied alternately by sedge fen and Alnus carr. A period of stability followed, with ^/wMx-dominated communities prevailing for c. 2000 yr. Erom c. 4000 to c. 2200 BP local conditions were more open with Cyperaceae and subsequently Myrica the dominant wetland types. Alnus carr became re-established c. 2200 BP.The vegetational history of adjacent dryland areas is obscured by the changing local conditions and nature of the deposits investigated. The problems of reconstructing past vegetation from coastal peats are explored. Amongst these are the determination of the pollen source area, establishing an environment of origin for many herb types, and distinguishing the processes controlling wetland vegetational change.The discussion focuses on the arrival and expansion of arboreal taxa in the early Elandrian and human activity. Unusually, Alnus is present in the pollen and macrofossil record from c. 10000 BP onwards. In dryland areas, after an mitial Pinus, Betula phase, Corylus populations expanded c. 9500 BP, Quercus and Ulmus became woodland components from c. 9100 BP and c. 8400 BP onwards respectively. Pollen values for Tilia increased c. 7000 BP and Fraxinus c. 5900 BP though both of these taxa were probably locally present earlier. Openings in the forest canopy appear to have persisted after the arrival of the deciduous trees, possibly as a consequence of human activity during the mesolithic. There is some palynological evidence for human presence accompanymg the elm decline, though substantial clearance did not occur until the decline in Tilia, c. 3700 BP. This, and a subsequent phase of disturbance c. 3200 BP, appear not to have been followed by periods of intense human activity. Woodland regeneration may have occurred c. 2000 BP.

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Section: The Dryland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Dryland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Dryland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flandrian vegetational history of southeastern England. Pollen data from Pannel Bridge, East Sussex

Waller

1993

New Phytologist

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“…i rocedures of sample preparation were as described by Bennett (1986) and Method B of Berglund & Ralska-Jasiewiczowa (1986). Pollen counting, identification and treatment of results were all carried out as described by Bennett (1983).…”

Section: Pollen Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene vegetational and environmental history at Loch Lang, South Uist, Western Isles, Scotland

et al. 1990

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A Holocene record of pollen, charcoal, magnetic susceptibility and sediment chemistry from South Uist, Western Isles, IS described and discussed. The vegetation of eastern South Uist included areas of woodland over as much as half of the available landscape during the early postglacial. This woodland was dominated by Betula and Corylus, but Quercus, Ulmus, Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior were also present. The status of Pinus sylvestris IS uncertain. Quercus, Ulmus and A. glutinosa are now extinct as native trees in the Western Isles. During the later half of the Holocene (from about 4000 BP), woodland declined, possibly as a result of the use of hill land as grazing. Blanket peat vegetation, which had begun to spread from about 5500 HP, became the dominant feature of the landscape as the woodland areas decreased. The physical and chemical data from Loch Lang sediments suggest that little erosion of soils took place until about 550 years ago, when there vvas a marked increase, possibly attributable to increasing grazing pressure. Key words; Holocene, vegetation history, radiocarbon dating, sediment chemistry. Western Isles. INTRODUCTION°^ bedrock geology, and the treeless aspect of the Western Isles relative to the mainland at the same he Western Isles of Scotland, lying on the latitude has been explained by their greater degree of northwestern fringe of Europe and exposed to a wet exposure to wind. This introduces a strong east-west ana windy oceanic climate, are today virtually gradient to syntheses of Scottish vegetation (e.g. treeless. Their landscape is, for the most part, during the historical period [McVean & Ratcliffe, aominated by blanket peat up to several metres 1962] or at 5000 BP [Bennett, 1989], Is this view of t ick. The islands extend nearly 190 km from north the Western Isles supported by palaeoecological to south, from the latitude of Fort William to that of data? In the only modern works on the Holocene ape Wrath. Perhaps because they form a discrete vegetation history of the Western Isles, Birks & geographical unit, there has been a tendency to treat Madsen (1979) suggested that at least western Lewis e islands as uniform in vegetational terms, had been mostly treeless throughout the Holocene. a though the same latitudinal extent on the west Bohncke (1988) argued that the Callanish area, also cottish mainland coast covers a range of vegetation in western Lewis, supported local Betula woodland ypes from oak-dominated woodlands, through pine that was severely affected by anthropogenic burning, and birch to generally unforested areas of the Wilkins (1984) has drawn attention to the abundant northwest mainland. The vegetational richness and macrofossil remains of trees, including at least one variety of Skye, entirely within the latitudinal range species now extinct as a native tree in the Western o the Western Isles, are well-documented (e.g. Isles {Pinus sylvestris), within the blanket peat of irks, 1973). At least in part, there may be a Lewis and Harris. The palaeoecological and hisve...

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“…Alternatively did this represent taxa already present but increasing in abundance to levels detectable by pollen analysis when favourable conditions (e.g. as a result of climatic change, environmental change, competition) occurred (Bennett 1986(Bennett , 1988? Similar to Huntley's findings (1988) in a review of postglacial European sites, the greatest range of communities and the most complex patterns in the vegetation around Rezina occurred between 10000-7000 BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The late Quaternary vegetational history of northwest Greece

Willis¹

1992

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYRezina marsh, a small basin at a height of 1800 m, in the Pindus mountain range, is both the smallest and highest site yet to be studied in Greece. Techniques of pollen and plant macrofossil analysis, sediment chemistry, mineral magnetics and radiocarbon dating have been employed to reconstruct both vegetational and sedimentary history of the basin. The sequence extending back to c. 10000 BP, provides the first evidence for the possible location of full glacial refugia for temperate tree taxa in Greece. In the early postglacial a dense mixed woodland containing at least sixteen different tree taxa was present around the Rezina basin. This woodland persisted throughout the early postglacial although dominance of tree types in the woodlands changed several times. These changes are thought to be closely related to climatic changes during the early postglacial. At c. 6000 BP both the density and diversity of the woodland became greatly reduced. Although there was some recovery of the woodland at c. 5000 BP, anthropogenic intervention at c. 4000 BP led to total destruction of this montane forest and the development of open grassland similar to the present day situation.

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Competitive Interactions Among Forest Tree Populations in Norfolk, England, During the Last 10000 Years

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

Flandrian vegetational history of southeastern England. Pollen data from Pannel Bridge, East Sussex

Flandrian vegetational history of southeastern England. Pollen data from Pannel Bridge, East Sussex

Holocene vegetational and environmental history at Loch Lang, South Uist, Western Isles, Scotland

The late Quaternary vegetational history of northwest Greece

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