Competitive evolutionary algorithms for building performance database of a microwave transistor

Abstract

In this work, the simultaneous trade-off relations among the noise figure F, gain G T , input V in , and output V out VSWRs of a microwave transistor operated at a certain (V DS , I DS , f) condition are obtained fast and as accurate as the corresponding analytical results using multiobjective optimization process without any need for expertise on the microwave device, circuit, and noise. Three powerful evolutionary algorithms, cuckoo search, firefly, and differential evolution, are implemented comparatively as a study case to obtain the trade-off relations of a typical low-noise amplifier transistor NE3511S02 for its operation between 9 and 17 GHz at V DS = 2 V and I DS = 10 mA. Finally, differential evolution is found as the most successful algorithm to demonstrate the typical trade-off relations of NE3511S02. It can be concluded that these trade-off relations being obtained by using a signal and noise model of the transistor enable performance database covering all the (F ≥ F min , G T , V in ≥ 1, V out ≥ 1) quadruples with their (Z S , Z L ) termination pairs using solely an evolutionary optimization process. Thus, a small signal transistor can be identified by its performance database to be used in the design optimization of high-performance low-noise amplifiers with the full device capacity.KEYWORDS microwave transistor, multiobjective optimization, competitive evolutionary algorithms, low-noise amplifier (LNA), cuckoo search algorithm, firefly algorithm, differential evolution algorithm | INTRODUCTIONToday, ultra-wideband (UWB) miniature low-noise amplifier (LNA) design with the low-power consumption from the low-level battery is one of the biggest challenges to UWB transceiver integrations. Especially, most of the receivers are hand-held or battery-operated devices; therefore, the very stringent requirements are encountered in the design optimization of an LNA that are mainly a very low-power consumption from a very low-supply voltage, high gain G T , low-noise figure F, and low input V in and output V out standing wave ratios along the UWB.Although the cascode configuration is commonly used in the utilization of the high-performance LNA designs, since it requires bigger than 1 V supply voltage, it is unsuitable to be used in the miniature LNA with the low-voltage applications. For applications requiring very low-supply voltages, a single transistor in the common emitter configuration is typically used.

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