Competitive Degradation between the Fumigants Chloropicrin and 1,3‐Dichloropropene in Unamended and Amended Soils

Zheng, Wei; Papiernik, Sharon K.; Guo, Minxing; Yates, Scott R.

doi:10.2134/jeq2003.1735

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…There was no clear trend of the application rate dependence of MITC or CP degradation. The range of microbial degradation of two fumigants in our experiments was comparable to the literature, where 50 to 80% of the total degradation of MITC in one agricultural soil (Gan et al, 1999; Dungan et al, 2003), 68 to 92% of the overall CP degradation in three agricultural soils (Gan et al, 2000), and 84% of CP degradation in one fresh agricultural soil (Zheng et al, 2003) were attributed to microbial degradation. Similar to the previous studies, our results indicated that biodegradation played a primary role in overall degradation of MITC and CP in forest nursery soils.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The t 1/2 of CP at 560 kg ha −1 application rate in sterilized Byromville nursery soil was 7.6 d and abiotic CP degradation was significantly slower than at 140 and 280 kg ha −1 rates. A previous study indicated that CP was degraded predominantly by biodegradation in the soil, and t 1/2 of CP was 2.4 d in a sterilized Arlington sandy loam and increased 6.2 times in a fresh soil (Zheng et al, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Degradation of Methyl Isothiocyanate and Chloropicrin in Forest Nursery Soils

2005

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Recent studies have observed enhanced degradation of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) from repeated fumigation in agricultural soils. Little is known about fumigant degradation in forest and nursery soils. This study was conducted to determine degradation rates of MITC and chloropicrin (CP) in two forest soils and the impacts of nursery management on degradation of MITC and CP. The half-life values of MITC and CP were evaluated in the laboratory under isothermal conditions (22 +/- 2 degrees C). Three rates representing 0.5x, 1x, and 2x field application rates for each fumigant were used in laboratory incubations. Effect of microbial degradation was determined by conducting incubations with both fresh and sterilized soils. Soil moisture effects were also studied. There was no difference in MITC or CP degradation between fumigated and nonfumigated forest nursery soils. Soil sterilization and high soil moisture content (15% by wt.) reduced MITC and CP degradation. The degradation rates of MITC and CP varied with factors such as nursery history, fumigant application rates, and freshness of tested soils.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Degradation of Methyl Isothiocyanate and Chloropicrin in Forest Nursery Soils

2005

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“…It is suspected that further variability will occur when multiple fumigants are applied due to the nontarget effects of the coapplied fumigant on microbial communities. Zheng et al (2003) observed competitive degradation with 1,3‐D accelerating the degradation of CP. In the Florida trials, vapor concentrations of CP were higher in Site 3, which did not receive a coapplication of 1,3‐D (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Soil Fate of Agricultural Fumigants in Raised-Bed, Plasticulture Systems in the Southeastern United States

Chellemi

Ajwa²,

Sullivan

et al. 2011

J. Environ. Qual.

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Soil concentrations and degradation rates of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and dimethyl disulfi de (DMDS) were determined under fumigant application scenarios representative of commercial raised bed, plastic mulched vegetable production systems. Five days after application, 1,3-D, MITC, and CP were detected at concentrations up to 3.52, 0.72, and 2.45 μg cm −3 , respectively, in the soil atmosphere when applications were made in uniformly compacted soils with a water content >200% of fi eld capacity and covered by a virtually impermeable or metalized fi lm. By contrast, DMDS, MITC, and CP concentrations in the soil atmosphere were 0.81, 0.02, and 0.05 μg cm −3 , respectively, 5 d after application in soil containing undecomposed plant residue, numerous large (>3 mm) clods, and water content below fi eld capacity and covered by low-density polyethylene. Ranked in order of impact on the persistence of fumigants in soil were soil water content (moisture), soil tilth (the physical condition of soil as related to its fi tness as a planting bed), the type of plastic fi lm used to cover fumigated beds, and soil texture. Fumigants were readily detected 13 d after application when applied in uniformly compacted soils with water contents >200% of capacity and covered by a virtually impermeable or metalized fi lm. By contrast, 1,3-D and MITC had dissipated 5 d after application in soils with numerous large (>3 mm) clods and water contents below fi eld capacity that were covered by low-density polyethylene. Soil degradation of CP, DMDS, and MITC were primarily attributed to biological mechanisms, whereas degradation of 1,3-D was attributed principally to abiotic factors. Th is study demonstrates improved soil retention of agricultural fumigants in application scenarios representative of good agricultural practices.

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“…The final breakdown products of chloropicrin are carbon dioxide, nitrate, and chloride. When applied with other fumigants, competitive degradation between CP and 1,3-D has been reported in amended and unamended soils (Desaeger et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2003). Repeated fumigation generated accelerated CP degradation compared to the soil without fumigation history.…”

Section: → → →mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MITC is effective against nematodes and a variety of weeds and fungal pathogens (Dungan and Yates, 2003). However, MITC fumigants should not be applied with 1,3-D or CP simultaneously because 1,3-D and CP transformation can be accelerated in the presence of MITC (Zheng et al, 2003). Therefore, MITC is often applied sequentially with CP or 1,3-D to better control weeds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%