Competitive and Facilitative Evolutionary Diversification

Day, Troy; Young, Kyle A.

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0101:cafed]2.0.co;2

Cited by 94 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although both R and especially W remain at low frequency because of their slow growth rates (Figure 2) and because of their lesser final productivity (Figure 5a), their greatly increased biofilm production facilitate much greater attachment of S (Figures 3 and 6) and each other to the polystyrene bead. Such dynamics may therefore be viewed as one of succession enabled by niche construction (Odling-Smee et al, 2003), although it is plausible that the initial invasions by biofilm specialists were driven by competition or tolerance more than facilitation (Connell and Slatyer, 1977;Day and Young, 2004). Odum (1975) pointed out that the well-recognized phenomenon of ecological succession can be propelled by the processes of community residents themselves, including their evolved progeny, or by changing external abiotic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological succession in long-term experimentally evolved biofilms produces synergistic communities

2010

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Many biofilm populations are known for their exceptional biodiversity, but the relative contributions of the forces that could produce this diversity are poorly understood. This uncertainty grows in the old, well-established communities found on many natural surfaces and in long-term, chronic infections. If the prevailing interactions among species within biofilms are positive, productivity should increase with diversity, but if they tend towards competition or antagonism, productivity should decrease. Here, we describe the parallel evolution of synergistic communities derived from a clone of Burkholderia cenocepacia during B1500 generations of biofilm selection. This long-term evolution was enabled by a new experimental method that selects for daily cycles of colonization, biofilm assembly and dispersal. Each of the six replicate biofilm populations underwent a common pattern of adaptive morphological diversification, in which three ecologically distinct morphotypes arose in the same order of succession and persisted. In two focal populations, mixed communities were more productive than any monoculture and each variant benefited from the mixture. These gains in output resulted from asymmetrical cross-feeding between ecotypes and the expansion and partitioning of biofilm space that constructed new niches. Therefore, even in the absence of starting genetic variation, prolonged selection for surface colonization generates a dynamic of ecological succession that enhances productivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological succession in long-term experimentally evolved biofilms produces synergistic communities

2010

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“…Accurately identifying regions where coevolutionary selection is operating is critical to evaluating the importance of these coevolutionary hot spots for the overall dynamics of geographically structured coevolution (Thompson 1997(Thompson , 2005Gomulkiewicz et al 2000;Brodie et al 2002). In addition, identifying regimes of disruptive selection due to coevolutionary interactions can be important for studying processes of adaptive diversification and sympatric speciation (Doebeli and Dieckmann 2000;Day and Young 2004;Dieckmann et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coevolutionary Dynamics of Antagonistic Interactions Mediated by Quantitative Traits With Evolving Variances

2005

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Abstract. Quantitative traits frequently mediate coevolutionary interactions between predator and prey or parasite and host. Previous efforts to understand and predict the coevolutionary dynamics of these interactions have generally assumed that standing genetic variation is fixed or absent altogether. We develop a genetically explicit model of coevolution that bridges the gap between these approaches by allowing genetic variation itself to evolve. Analysis of this model shows that the evolution of genetic variance has important consequences for the dynamics and outcome of coevolution. Of particular importance is our demonstration that coevolutionary cycles can emerge in the absence of stabilizing selection, an outcome not possible in previous models of coevolution mediated by quantitative traits. Whether coevolutionary cycles evolve depends upon the strength of selection, the number of loci, and the rate of mutation in each of the interacting species. Our results also generate novel predictions for the expected sign and magnitude of linkage disequilibria in each species.

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“…Among juvenile bull sharks, limited productivity within the Shark River Estuary apparently leads to heightened intraspecific competition within the nursery that could drive the observed considerable degree of individual differences in trophic interactions , as has been observed in other systems (e.g. Smith & Skukason 1996;Day & Young 2004;Pfennig et al, 2007). As such, limited productivity in the Shark River Estuary may drive the individual differences in movement tactics and foraging decisions observed during this study and heterogeneity in trajectories through ontogenetic shifts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Environmental and Individual Factors Shaping the Habitat Use and Trophic Interactions of Juvenile Bull Sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in a Subtropical Estuary

Matich¹

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I would like to first thank Mike Heithaus, my major advisor, for taking a chance on a relatively inexperienced student, and giving him the opportunity to shine. You have been an excellent role model for me, both professionally and personally, and through your encouragement and guidance provided me with a means to pursue my career aspirations. Your levels of energy and excitement still surprise me, and the commitment to put toward your career and family have inspired me. Thank you for helping me develop both as a scientist and a person.I am forever indebted to Adam Rosenblatt for his unwavering support and assistance throughout my dissertation. Adam's door was always open and he was always willing to listen or discuss anything work-wise or of personal nature. You set a fantastic example, and through the many hours we spent alone on a boat, in the water, and in a tent you showed me the way of the world through the Everglades and Miami. Thank you for being so helpful and generous during our development together. otherwise. You will continue to inspire me to laugh every day and search for new places to explore and heights to climb. Michelle, you make me look on the bright side of things and are always the perfect partner in crime. Our lives will continue to intersect even after I move away. I could not have made it through these last six years without each of you. Therefore, elucidating the factors that drive persistent individual differences within populations is crucial for understanding how individuals, and in turn populations, will respond to environmental changes and anthropogenic stressors, and the implications of these responses for particular ecological functions. In this dissertation I investigated the movements, residency patterns, and trophic interactions of a juvenile bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) population in a coastal estuary that serves as a nursery. I found that bull sharks undergo ontogenetic niche shifts in their diets and habitat use, with a gradual shift from using freshwater and estuarine resources to marine resources as sharks grew. This behavioral shift appeared to be driven by age-based differences in tradeoffs between safety from predators and availability of prey. Nested within population-level viii trends in behavior, there was considerable, and consistent, individual variation in both movements and trophic interactions suggesting individual specialization and divergent behavioral tactics within the population. Different behavioral types likely play different roles in food web connectivity and ecosystem dynamics, thus understanding the drivers and importance of phenotypic variability among species will be crucial for improving management strategies and predicting the responses of species and ecosystems to impending changes in environmental conditions and human impacts. ix Estuary relative to the availability of prey from surrounding marshes using acoustic 6 telemetry. I also compare stable isotope values from different tissues of sharks to make predictions about competing models of t...

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Competitive and Facilitative Evolutionary Diversification

Cited by 94 publications

References 45 publications

Ecological succession in long-term experimentally evolved biofilms produces synergistic communities

Ecological succession in long-term experimentally evolved biofilms produces synergistic communities

The Coevolutionary Dynamics of Antagonistic Interactions Mediated by Quantitative Traits With Evolving Variances

Environmental and Individual Factors Shaping the Habitat Use and Trophic Interactions of Juvenile Bull Sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in a Subtropical Estuary

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