Competitive adsorption of cadmium and phenol on activated carbon produced from municipal sludge

Al-Malack, Muhammad H.; Dauda, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.027

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Properties of clays depend strictly on the crystal chemical feature of the clay minerals of which they are composed. However, due to their cation exchange capacity, low cost, and high availability clays were often considered to study the interaction mechanisms with various organic and inorganic pollutants [20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic, isotherm and mechanism investigations of the removal of phenols from water by raw and calcined clays

Ouallal

Dehmani

Moussout

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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In this work, the phenols removal of phenol from water by raw clay (RCG) and calcined one at 1000 °C (CCG) of Goulmima city (Morocco) was investigated. The kinetics and isotherms experiments were also studied at pH = 4. The results indicated that the phenol adsorption reached equilibrium within 3 h, and the removal of phenol was enhanced at the same temperature by CCG (2.932 mg/g) adsorbent, compared to RCG (1.640 mg/g) due to the removal of organic matter by heat treatment, and an increase in adsorption temperature, indicating the endothermic process. The adsorbents were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, FTIR, XRD, B.E.T, and TGA/DTA analysis and showed that the clay consists essentially of silica and alumina. The experimental data were examined by using linear and nonlinear forms of the kinetics and the isotherms models. Based on the errors of the calculated values of R 2 (Coefficient of determination), χ 2 (Chi-square) and standard deviation (Δq (%)), it was found that the nonlinear forms of second-order kinetic model and Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson (R–P) isotherm models are best fit the experimental data for both adsorbents. However, the enthalpy ΔH° is less than 20 kJ/mol and the free energy ΔG° has a negative value, which shows that the adsorption is done physically and spontaneously on heterogeneous sites. The interest of this study is the use of FTIR and XRD to determine the effect of calcination on the phenol adsorption mechanism. However, the analysis of both adsorbents, before and after adsorption of phenol, shows that the adsorption mechanism of phenol is provided by the hydrogen bonding of the water molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic, isotherm and mechanism investigations of the removal of phenols from water by raw and calcined clays

Ouallal

Dehmani

Moussout

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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“…Reading the peaks spectra wavelengths from left to right, the peak observed at 3688-3619 cm -1 is attributed to OH-kaolinite and gibbsite lattice stretching [31,32], 2988-2901 cm -1 to -C-H group vibration [7,33], 1631 cm -1 and 1538 cm -1 to sulphur and nitrogen functional groups, respectively [33]. The shape of the shoulder peaks at 1050-1090 cm -1 was attributed to Si-C or Si-O-Si bands (Liang et al, 2020), C-O-C vibration [33], and finally, under 1000 cm -1 , the peaks at 749 cm -1 , 535 cm -1 , and 467 cm -1 were attributed to silica or calcium carbonate stretching [32,34]. Discard coal has a lower transmittance from 1498 cm -1 peaks than FT-IR spectra sludge.1007 cm -1 , 1030 cm -1 , implying that waste coal contains more mineral elements whereas sludge S has lower transmittance than D, implying that the former contains more functional classes.…”

Section: Pretreatment and Characterisation Of Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Adsorbent Derived from Sewage Sludge Blended with Waste Coal for Nitrate and Methyl Red Removal: Synthesis, Oxidation, Performance and Environmental Consideration

Masengo

Mulopo

2021

Preprint

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Low-cost bio-adsorbents were synthesized using two types of sewage sludge: D, which was obtained during the dissolved air flotation stage, and S, which was a mixture of primary and secondary sludge from the digestion and dewatering stages. The sewage sludge was mixed with waste coal before being activated with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and oxidized with ammonium persulfate (APS). The nitrate and methyl red removal capacities of the synthesized bio-adsorbents were evaluated and compared to those of industrial activated charcoal. The oxidation surface area of bio-adsorbents derived from sludge S shrank by six fold after modification, while those derived from D only varied narrowly from 312,72 m2/g to 282,22 m2/g, but surface modification had no effect on inorganic composition in either case. The adsorption of nitrate and methyl red (MR) was performed in batch mode, and the removal processes followed the pseudo second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm fairly well. The adsorption capacities of nitrate and MR were higher at pH=2 and pH=4, respectively. The total nitrate Langmuir adsorption potential was DC-5-750 (26,735 mg/g) > commercial activated carbon (Com-AC) (20,61 mg/g) > DC-55-750M1 (17,06 mg/g), and for MR, Com-AC (196,07 mg/g) > DC-5-750M2 (175 mg/g).Statement of Novelty: This paper examines how the chemical structure of activated carbon derived from sewage sludge and blended with waste coal is altered during the chemical activation process to provide the optimal porous surface for nitrate and methyl red adsorptive remediation. The formation of carboxylic sites or the transformation of oxygen sites to carboxylic sites is the aim of the oxidation process of activated carbon in general. Ammonium peroxydisulfate was chosen because of its ability to oxidize the surface without significantly altering the porous structure and increase surface acidity by increasing carboxylic group presence. There are no studies that we are aware of that use ammonium peroxydisulfate to oxidize activated carbon from sewage sludge blended with waste coal

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“…The functional groups generated by surface chemical modification can be removed by electrostatic force resulting from the adsorbed ions. Al-Malack and Dauda [90] put activated sludge under the activation temperature of 700°C for 60 mins, using 5 M ZnCl 2 as activator, and the prepared SBAC had a BET of 319.5m 2 /g. At the same time, the mechanism for adsorption of Cd 2+ was also studied, showing that the Cd 2+ was mainly removed by the electrostatic adsorption between the functional group with negative charge on the surface of SBAC and the positively charged metal ions.…”

Section: International Journal Of Polymer Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gupta and Garg [110] reported that the mechanism of SBAC adsorption to phenol is usually based on the electron donor receptor reaction between the aromatic phenolic rings and the functional groups on the surface of the SBAC. Al-Malack and Dauda [90] prepared a SBAC which was characterized by FTIR, indicating the existence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of SBAC. The reason for the decrease of adsorption capacity of SBAC to Cd 2+ in the presence of phenol may be the competition of adsorption sites of two components on the surface of SBAC.…”

Section: Organic Matter Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Waste Sludge: Preparation and Application of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

Bian

Qian

Zhu

et al. 2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

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With the rapidly increasing industrial and agricultural development, a large amount of sludge has been produced from much water treatment. Sludge treatment has become one of the most important environmental issues. Resource utilization of sludge is one of the important efficient methods for solving this issue. Sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC) materials have high adsorption performance and can effectively remove environmental pollutants including typical organic matter and heavy metals through physical and chemical processes. Therefore, developing efficient SBAC materials is important and valuable. At present, preparation, modification, and application of SBAC materials have gained widespread attention. This paper provides a review of the research on SBAC preparation and modification and its utilization in removing environmental pollutants. It included the following topics present in this review: conventional and new methods for preparation of SBAC were clearly present; the effective methods for improving SBAC performance via physical and chemical modification were reviewed; and the correlation of their physic-chemical properties of SBAC with pollutants’ removal efficiencies as well as the removal mechanisms was revealed. SBAC has a better adsorption performance than commercial activated carbon in some aspects. Furthermore, it is a cost-effective technique and has a wide range of raw materials. However, there are still some drawbacks to its research; thus, some suggestions for further research were given in this review.

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Competitive adsorption of cadmium and phenol on activated carbon produced from municipal sludge

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Kinetic, isotherm and mechanism investigations of the removal of phenols from water by raw and calcined clays

Kinetic, isotherm and mechanism investigations of the removal of phenols from water by raw and calcined clays

Bio-Adsorbent Derived from Sewage Sludge Blended with Waste Coal for Nitrate and Methyl Red Removal: Synthesis, Oxidation, Performance and Environmental Consideration

Recycling of Waste Sludge: Preparation and Application of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

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