Competitive Ability and Plant Breeding

Fasoula, Dionysia A.; Fasoula, Vasilia A.

doi:10.1002/9780470650073.ch4

Cited by 53 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The initial seed source used in this experiment was harvested from plants grown in a wide-spaced or honeycomb design. This design is thought to maximize phenotypic expression by minimizing competition between plants and thus allow even limited genetic variability to be identified (Fasoula and Fasoula 1997). This hypothesis has been supported by further studies in which variation in agronomic traits enabled the selection for new cultivars (Fasoula et al 2007a, b, c).…”

Section: Aconitase-4 Profilessupporting

confidence: 50%

Evaluation of spontaneous generation of allelic variation in soybean in response to sexual hybridization and stress

et al. 2015

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. 2015. Evaluation of spontaneous generation of allelic variation in soybean in response to sexual hybridization and stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 405Á415. Intracultivar variation reported in pure lines of soybean has been hypothesized to result from genetic mechanisms contributing to de novo genetic variation. In this study we have detected allele switching by following segregation patterns of Aconitase-4 isozyme in sexual crosses and pure lines. In sexual crosses, one F 2 plant showed a switch at the Aconitase-4 (Aco4) locus from the expected heterozygous genotype Aco4-ac to Aco4-ab. In the pure lines grown in a honeycomb planting design and treated with an accelerated aging test, multiple cases of allele switching were detected at the Aco4 locus. Both single and double switches were detected that were stable and heritable. These findings indicate that the generation of endogenous variation continues in pure lines as a result of intrinsic genetic mechanisms. With a long-term goal of understanding the genetic nature of the changes, we genetically mapped the Aco4 gene to a 3.3 cM region on Chromosome 11. The corresponding physical region is Â293 kb with 39 predicted genes. Of these, Glyma.11g080600 is of particular interest, as it shows 93% and 88% identity to Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis aconitase genes, respectively. Further characterization of the soybean Aco4 gene may shed light on genetic mechanisms responsible for allele switching.Key words: Allele switching, soybean, aconitase, linkage mapping, isozyme Espinosa, K., Boelter, J., Lolle, S., Hopkins, M., Goggi, S., Palmer, R. G. et Sandhu, D. 2015. É valuation des variations alle´liques spontane´es chez le soja conse´cutivement a`l'hybridation et au stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 405Á415. On a formuleĺ 'hypothe`se que les variations intra-cultivar signale´es chez les ligne´es pures de soja pourraient de´couler de me´canismes ge´ne´tiques autorisant une variation ge´ne´tique de novo. Les auteurs ont identifie´la permutation d'alle`les en suivant la se´gre´gation de l'isozyme aconitase-4 dans les croisements sexuels et les ligne´es pures. Dans les croisements sexuels, un plant de la F 2 pre´sentait une permutation au locus Aconitase-4 (Aco4) du ge´notype he´te´rozygote pre´vu Aco4-ac au ge´notype Aco4-ab. Dans les ligne´es pures cultive´es en quinconce et soumises a`un essai de vieillissement acce´le´re´, les auteurs ont de´tecte´de nombreux cas de permutation d'alle`les au locus Aco4. Des permutations simples et doubles stables et transmissibles ont ainsi e´te´discerne´es. Ces re´sultats indiquent que les variations endoge`nes se poursuivent dans les ligne´es pures en raison de me´canismes ge´ne´tiques intrinse`ques. Dans le but ultime d'e´lucider la nature ge´ne´tique de tels changements, les auteurs ont situe´le ge`ne Aco4 sur une re´gion de 3,3 cM du chromosome 11. La zone physique correspondante mesure environ 293 kb et comprend 39 ge`nes explicatifs. Parmi eux, Glyma.11g080600 reveˆt un inte´reˆt particulier, car il ressemble a`93 % et a`88 % au...

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Section: Aconitase-4 Profilessupporting

confidence: 50%

Evaluation of spontaneous generation of allelic variation in soybean in response to sexual hybridization and stress

et al. 2015

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“…Similar factors may be in play for barley plants grown under light competition in a field-plot situation, thus, creating variable environmental factors (light competition and shading) that cause shoot and leaf growth variation. Therefore, estimating the genetic components of leaf traits is more accessible under controlled conditions using single plants [39]. Our results show that measured leaf traits are mainly genetically determined and less affected by environment.…”

Section: Genetic Background and Variance Analysismentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Certainly, leaf traits are similarly affected by pot size and/or substrate content in the GH, but CV values under GH conditions were always higher than those of field-grown plants clearly suggesting that single-plants in the GH maximized phenotypic leaf trait expression between accessions and, therefore, are more appropriate for studying phenotypic/genetic variation of leaf traits [39]. Based upon the PCA analysis, leaf traits (PC-1, 48.97%) were major distinguishing features of row-type classes.…”

Section: Genetic Background and Variance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidently the genetic component is the largest component in our diverse collection, and since environmental effects are small, genetic regulation plays a major role in the observed variation. Moreover, it is possible that single plant leaf measurements are more reliable than leaf measurements conducted in dense stands (i.e., canopy or plot situation) [39]. For example, LA components in alfalfa plants significantly differ as a direct result from stand density and light competition [40].…”

Section: Genetic Background and Variance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barley Leaf Area and Leaf Growth Rates Are Maximized during the Pre-Anthesis Phase

Alqudah

Schnurbusch

2015

Agronomy

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Leaf developmental traits are an important component of crop breeding in small-grain cereals. Surprisingly, little is known about the genetic basis for the differences in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf development. The two barley row-type classes, i.e., two-and six-rowed, show clear-cut differences in leaf development. To quantify these differences and to measure the genetic component of the phenotypic variance for the leaf developmental differences in both row-type classes we investigated 32 representative spring barley accessions (14 two-and 18 six-rowed accessions) under three independent growth conditions. Leaf mass area is lower in plants grown under greenhouse (GH) conditions due to fewer, smaller, and lighter leaf blades per main culm compared to pot-and soil-grown field plants. Larger and heavier leaf blades of six-rowed barley correlate with higher main culm spike grain yield, spike dry weight, and harvest index; however, smaller leaf area (LA) in two-rowed barley can be attributed to more spikes, tillers, and biological yield (aboveground parts). In general, leaf growth rate was significantly higher between awn primordium and tipping stages. Moderate to very high broad-sense heritabilities (0.67-0.90) were found under all growth conditions, indicating that these traits are predominantly genetically controlled. In addition, our data suggests that GH conditions are suitable for studying leaf developmental traits. Our results also demonstrated that LA impacts single plant yield and can be reconsidered in future breeding programs. Six-rowed spike 1 (Vrs1) is the major determinate of barley row-types, the differences in leaf development between OPEN ACCESSAgronomy 2015, 5 108 two-and six-rowed barleys may be attributed to the regulation of Vrs1 in these two classes, which needs further testing.

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“…However, the yielding ability of a genotype is controlled by different genes than its competitive ability and the two characters are negatively correlated (Fasoula, 1990;Fasoula & Fasoula, 1997, 2002Janick, 1999;Pan et al, 2003;Fasoula & Tokatlidis, 2012). Hence, the capacity of a particular genotype to yield highly may be masked when the population is evaluated under competition conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication. Decision on germplasm choice to apply breeding within a local population of common vetch is affected by crowding

Chatzoglou

Tokatlidis

2012

Span. j. agric. res.

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The value of a population as a potential gene pool on which to apply selection may be severely underestimated under competition conditions because of the negative correlation of competitive versus yielding ability. To address this issue, a vetch (Vicia sativa) local population along with a control cultivar was evaluated at densities ranging from 1.15 to 25 plants m -2 . A hyperbolic increasing pattern as density declined was found for both grain and biomass yield. Nevertheless, at the highest density the control cultivar performance exceeded the population, whereas at the lowest density the opposite happened. The results were attributed to the heterogeneity of the population versus the homogeneity of the cultivar combined with the aforementioned negative relationship. It was concluded that severe crowding undervalues the potential of a population because plants representing high yielders cannot exhibit this capacity due to their competitive disadvantage. On the other side, the absence of competition optimizes the yield expression of individual plants. Therefore, absence of competition is recommended as the optimal condition to evaluate populations and make the right decision on the most promising one for breeding.Additional key words: competitive ability; genetic heterogeneity; local population; Vicia sativa; yielding ability. ResumenComunicación corta. La decisión sobre la elección de germoplasma para la mejora de una población local de veza común está afectada por el grado de densidad de siembraEl valor de una población, en el conjunto de sus genes potenciales sobre los que aplicar la selección, podría subestimarse de forma importante en condiciones de competencia, debido a la correlación negativa de la capacidad competitiva frente a la capacidad de producción. Para solucionar este problema, se evaluó una población local de veza (Vicia sativa) junto con un cultivar comercial como control, a densidades que oscilan desde 1,15 hasta 25 plantas m -2 . Se encontró, tanto en producción de grano como de biomasa, un patrón de aumento hiperbólico según iba disminuyendo la densidad. A mayor densidad, el comportamiento del cultivar control fue superior a la población, mientras que a menor densidad ocurrió lo contrario. Los resultados se atribuyeron a la heterogeneidad de la población vs. la homogeneidad del cultivar, combinado con la correlación negativa antes mencionada. Se concluye que las siembras a mayor densidad disminuyen el potencial de una población, porque las plantas muy productivas no llegan a exhibir su capacidad potencial debido a la desventaja competitiva. Por otro lado, la ausencia de competitividad optimiza la expresión de la productividad en plantas individuales. Por tanto, para optimizar la evaluación de las poblaciones para mejora y tomar decisiones correctas, se recomienda la ausencia de competitividad sobre las poblaciones más prometedoras.Palabras clave adicionales: capacidad competitiva; capacidad de producción; heterogeneidad genética; poblaciones locales; Vicia sativa. *Corresponding auth...

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Competitive Ability and Plant Breeding

Cited by 53 publications

References 65 publications

Evaluation of spontaneous generation of allelic variation in soybean in response to sexual hybridization and stress

Evaluation of spontaneous generation of allelic variation in soybean in response to sexual hybridization and stress

Barley Leaf Area and Leaf Growth Rates Are Maximized during the Pre-Anthesis Phase

Short communication. Decision on germplasm choice to apply breeding within a local population of common vetch is affected by crowding

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