Competition of Wild Oat in Wheat and Barley

Bell, Allyn R.; Nalewaja, John D.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500047883

Cited by 86 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The impact of an increase in UV-B radiation may not be important in natural communities where plant competition has little effect upon such community properties. However, the impact of UV-B radiation upon agricultural communities could have serious consequences since harvest yield quantity and quality are often influenced by interactions with weedy species (Bell andNalewaja 1968, McWhorter andPatterson 1980),…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence and importance of interspecific competition is well documented in agricultural situations. Bell and Nalewaja (1968) and Henson and Jordan (1982) have shown that significant decreases in wheat and barley yieids occur in the presence of wild oat. McWhorter and Patterson (1980) reviewed many studies that show reductions in soybean yields as a result of the presence of weeds.…”

Section: Interspecific Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation on plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems

Gold

Caldwell

1983

Physiologia Plantarum

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Evidence regarding the interaction of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B, 280‐320 nm) radiation and plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems is examined. The competitive interactions of some species pairs were affected even by ambient solar UV‐B radiation (as exists without ozone depletion), when compared to control pairs grown without UV‐B. Also, the total shoot biomass of these species pairs was depressed under ambient UV‐B. Relatively large increases in UV‐B radiation (approximating a 40% ozone layer reduction when weighted with the generalized plant action spectrum) altered the competitive interactions of some species pairs grown in pots under field conditions, but did not affect the total shoot biomass production of those pairs. Recent field experiments have examined the competitive interactions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bannock) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) under a simulated increased UV‐B regime resulting from a 16% ozone layer reduction when weighted with the generalized plant action spectrum. This increase in UV‐B altered the competitive interactions of these two species without affecting the total shoot biomass production of the species pair. The manner in which increased UV‐B affected the relative competitive abilities of the two species was highly dependent upon the environmental conditions during the early life stages of the plants. The implications of these results for both agricultural and natural plant communities are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interspecific Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation on plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems

Gold

Caldwell

1983

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Wild oat is a common competitor of wheat and can substantially reduce wheat yield (Bell & Nalewaja, 1968). These species are similar in height and overall growth form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition, Morphology and Canopy Structure in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.) Exposed to Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation

Barnes¹,

Jordan²,

Gold³

et al. 1988

Functional Ecology

147

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“…However, despite the good fit produced by model 7, coefficients for GSP and nitrogen rate were negative, implying, counterintuitively, that these treatments had negative influences on wheat yield. Model 7 has the disadvantage that it does not draw upon decades of agronomic research that have established first principle nonlinear responses of wheat yield to the five variables studied here (Bell and Nalewaja 1968;Bowden and Friesen 1967;Martin et al 1987;O'Donovan et al 1985O'Donovan et al , 2005Wilson and Peters 1982). In contrast, model 5, the second-best-fitting model, did include underlying nonlinear yield responses with parameters that are of the correct sign, such as an estimate of the initial rate of yield increase as crop density increases from zero, an estimate of the initial rate of yield loss as weed density increases from zero, and the asymptote for maximum proportional yield loss as weed density increases.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Empirical Yield-Prediction Model Based on Wheat and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Density, Nitrogen and Herbicide Rate, and Growing-Season Precipitation

et al. 2007

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To develop a more complete understanding of the ecological factors that regulate crop productivity, we tested the relative predictive power of yield models driven by five predictor variables: wheat and wild oat density, nitrogen and herbicide rate, and growing-season precipitation. Existing data sets were collected and used in a meta-analysis of the ability of at least two predictor variables to explain variations in wheat yield. Yield responses were asymptotic with increasing crop and weed density; however, asymptotic trends were lacking as herbicide and fertilizer levels were increased. Based on the independent field data, the three best-fitting models (in order) from the candidate set of models were a multiple regression equation that included all five predictor variables (R 2 5 0.71), a double-hyperbolic equation including three input predictor variables (R 2 5 0.63), and a nonlinear model including all five predictor variables (R 2 5 0.56). The double-hyperbolic, threepredictor model, which did not include herbicide and fertilizer influence on yield, performed slightly better than the fivevariable nonlinear model including these predictors, illustrating the large amount of variation in wheat yield and the lack of concrete knowledge upon which farmers base their fertilizer and herbicide management decisions, especially when weed infestation causes competition for limited nitrogen and water. It was difficult to elucidate the ecological first principles in the noisy field data and to build effective models based on disjointed data sets, where none of the studies measured all five variables. To address this disparity, we conducted a five-variable full-factorial greenhouse experiment. Based on our fivevariable greenhouse experiment, the best-fitting model was a new nonlinear equation including all five predictor variables and was shown to fit the greenhouse data better than four previously developed agronomic models with an R 2 of 0.66. Development of this mathematical model, through model selection and parameterization with field and greenhouse data, represents the initial step in building a decision support system for site-specific and variable-rate management of herbicide, fertilizer, and crop seeding rate that considers varying levels of available water and weed infestation. Nomenclature: Imazamethabenz; wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFA; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

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Competition of Wild Oat in Wheat and Barley

Cited by 86 publications

References 8 publications

The effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation on plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems

The effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation on plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems

Competition, Morphology and Canopy Structure in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.) Exposed to Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation

Developing an Empirical Yield-Prediction Model Based on Wheat and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Density, Nitrogen and Herbicide Rate, and Growing-Season Precipitation

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