Competition of internal and external information in an exercise setting.

Pennebaker, James W.; Lightner, Jean M.

doi:10.1037//0022-3514.39.1.165

Cited by 85 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These results are in line with three previous studies undertaken in different field conditions [ 7 – 9 ]. To facilitate an overview of all four studies, relevant data has been compiled in S4 Appendix .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Although the cross-country jogging required more focus on the external environment than the lap course, higher speeds were demonstrated at comparable levels of fatigue symptoms. The findings of the present study can be related to Pennebaker and Lightner [ 7 ] in various ways. First of all, their effect of auditory stimuli can be related to the traffic situations that exposed the cycle commuters to varying ambient sounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…These distractions may have diminished the responsiveness to the internal sensations from the physical exercise, and thus led to a lower perceived exertion in the field compared to the laboratory environment [cf. 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adding to this complexity, Pennebaker and Lightner [ 7 ] suggested that the internal body signals, such as sensations of fatigue and discomfort, is in constant competition with the perception of sensory input from the environment. In their study, participants were asked to produce “comfortable pace” while running an equal distance in two different environments: a cross-country path in a wooded area, and a monotonous lap course on a flat field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 ]. Another possibility is that there is a connection to different hedonic valuing of a preferred versus a not preferred green setting [ 7 ], or a natural versus a, normally less preferred, synthetic setting [cf. 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived exertion can be lower when exercising in field versus indoors

Olsson,

Ceci,

Wahlgren

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Purpose Studies indicate that the rated perceived exertion (RPE) during physical exercise can be lower in field environments than indoors. The environmental conditions of those studies are explored. Furthermore, we study if the same phenomenon is valid when cycling indoors versus in cycle commuting environments with high levels of stimuli from both traffic and suburban-urban elements. Methods Twenty commuter cyclists underwent measurements of heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and RPE assessments for breathing and legs, respectively, while cycling in both laboratory and field conditions. A validated mobile metabolic system was used in the field to measure V˙O2. Three submaximal cycle ergometer workloads in the laboratory were used to establish linear regression equations between RPE and % of HR reserve (%HRR) and %V˙O2max, separately. Based on these equations, RPE from the laboratory was predicted and compared with RPE levels at the participants’ individual cycle commutes at equal intensities. The same approach was used to predict field intensities and for comparisons with corresponding measured intensities at equal RPE levels. Results The predicted RPE levels based on the laboratory cycling were significantly higher than the RPE levels in cycle commuting at equal intensities (67% of HRR; 65% of V˙O2max). For breathing, the mean RPE levels were; 14.0–14.2 in the laboratory and 12.6 in the field. The corresponding levels for legs were; 14.0–14.2 and 11.5. The range of predicted field intensities in terms of %HRR and %V˙O2max was 46–56%, which corresponded to median differences of 19–30% compared to the measured intensities in field at equal RPE. Conclusion The cycle commuters perceived a lower exertion during their cycle commutes compared to ergometer cycling in a laboratory at equal exercise intensities. This may be due to a higher degree of external stimuli in field, although influences from other possible causes cannot be ruled out.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Perceived exertion can be lower when exercising in field versus indoors

Olsson,

Ceci,

Wahlgren

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Drivers of advanced stage at breast cancer diagnosis in the multicountryAfrican breast cancer – disparities in outcomes (ABC‐DO) study

McKenzie

Zietsman

Galukande

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Breast cancer (BC) survival rates in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) are low in part due to advanced stage at diagnosis. As one component of a study of the entire journey of SSA women with BC, we aimed to identify shared and setting‐specific drivers of advanced stage BC. Women newly diagnosed in the multicountry African Breast Cancer–Disparities in Outcomes (ABC‐DO) study completed a baseline interview and their stage information was extracted from medical records. Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for advanced stage (I, II, III, IV) in relation to individual woman‐level, referral and biological factors. A total of 1795 women were included from Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia, and the multiracial populations of Namibia and South Africa, 1091 of whom (61%) were stage III/IV. Stage was lower in women with greater BC knowledge (OR 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.85) per point on a 6 point scale). More advanced stage was associated with being black (4.00 (2.79, 5.74)), having attended

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Coping styles, paradox, and the cold pressor task

et al. 1989

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The study investigated how coping style differences affected performance on the cold pressor task. Reactions of "monitors" (individuals who prefer having information about stressors) and "blunters" (individuals who avoid cues connected with stressors) were compared, using different instructional sets. The study also assessed the effectiveness of paradoxical intention compared to more traditional cognitive strategies. Monitors and blunters were identified using Miller's recently developed Behavioral Style Scale. All instructional sets improved performance in comparison to a control condition, and individuals generally did better when an instructional set supported their preferred coping style. Paradoxical intention did not show any decided advantage over other strategies. The desirability of designing stress management programs to fit individual coping style patterns is discussed.

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Competition of internal and external information in an exercise setting.

Cited by 85 publications

References 13 publications

Perceived exertion can be lower when exercising in field versus indoors

Perceived exertion can be lower when exercising in field versus indoors

Drivers of advanced stage at breast cancer diagnosis in the multicountryAfrican breast cancer – disparities in outcomes (ABC‐DO) study

Coping styles, paradox, and the cold pressor task

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