Competition of Common Cocklebur (<i>Xanthium pensylvanicum</i>) with Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>)

Snipes, Charles E.; Buchanan, G. A.; Street, Joe E.; McGuire, John A.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500041151

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Present study demonstrated that cotton plant height, stem diameter and sympodial branch number did not appear to be detrimentally influenced by goosegrass competition. This result is consistent with some previous studies which showed that cotton vegetative growth was not affected by weed competition (Buchanan and Mclaughlin 1975;Snipes et al 1982;Askew and Wilcut 2002a, b, c).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Increasing weed density from 0.125 up to 4 plants m -1 of row resulted in biomass production of goosegrass that was only 12 times higher than in the treatment with 0.125 weed plant m -1 of row. This result agreed with many other reports for buffalobur (Solanum rostratum), common cocklebur, tumble pigweed (A. albus), and unicorn-plant (Snipes et al 1982;Rushing et al 1985a, b;Mercer et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies reported that Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri) at 0.38-0.87 plant m -1 of row reduced cotton yield by 50% (Rowland et al 1999;Morgan et al 2001). Snipes et al (1982) reported that 0.37-0.53 common cocklebur plant m -1 of row reduced cotton yield by 50%. Similarly, Barneet and Steckel (2013) reported that a density of 0.26 giant ragweed plant m -1 of row would result in a 50% cotton yield loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) density effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Jiang

et al. 2015

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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Goosegrass is one of the worst agricultural weeds on a worldwide basis. Understanding of its interference impact in crop field will provide useful information for weed control programs. Field experiments were conducted during 2010-2012 to determine the influence of goosegrass density on cotton growth at the weed densities of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 plants m-1 of row. Seed cotton yield tended to decrease with the increase in weed density, and goosegrass at a density of 4 plants m-1 of row significantly reduced cotton yields by 20 to 27%. A density of 11.6-19.2 goosegrass plant m-1 of row would result in a 50% cotton yield loss from the maximum yield according to the hyperbolic decay regression model. Boll production was not affected in the early growing season. But boll numbers per plant was reduced about 25% at the density of 4 plants m-1 of row in the late growing season. Both cotton boll weight and seed numbers per boll were significantly reduced (8%) at 4 goosegrass plants m-1 of row. Cotton plant height, stem diameter and sympodial branch number were not affected as much as cotton yields by goosegrass competition. Seed index, lint percentage and lint fiber properties were unaffected by weed competition. Intraspecific competition resulted in density-dependent effects on weed biomass per plant, 142-387 g dry weight by harvest. Goosegrass biomass m-2 tended to increase with increasing weed density as indicated by a quadratic response. The adverse impact of goosegrass on cotton yield identified in this study has indicated the need of effective goosegrass management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) density effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Jiang

et al. 2015

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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“…Infestations can also decrease soya bean seed quality and harvesting efficiency (Ellis et al, 1998). Even low-density cocklebur infestations in cotton fields in the USA have contributed to seed yield losses of 60-90 kg per hectare, or approximately 5% (Snipes et al, 1982). Cocklebur has also caused yield losses in groundnuts of 31-39% and 88% at low and high densities, respectively, in the southern USA (Royal et al, 1997).…”

Section: Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Laikipia

Witt¹

2017

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The impetus for the development of this Field Guide came about as a result of pleas from the community around the village of Doldol, Laikipia County, to initiate a control programme for Australian prickly pear [Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.; Fabaceae], an invasive plant which was having a dramatic impact on livelihoods. However, a number of other exotic plants, which were less widespread, but had the potential of becoming invasive, were not seen as a potential problem. In order to avoid a similar situation from arising in the future, the community expressed a need for a Field Guide, which would include descriptions of naturalized and invasive species already present in, and those that were most likely to invade Laikipia County and, information on how best to manage them. An additional impetus was to contribute to the four main objectives of the National Strategy and Action Plan for the Management of Invasive Species in Kenya's Protected Areas. The Field Guide contributes in some or other way to all of these objectives which are to (i) Enhance awareness of invasive species to relevant actors; (ii) Prevent new invasions, manage established invasions and rehabilitate degraded habitats; (iii) Enhance research, monitoring and information management on invasive species; and (iv) Enhance capacity, resource mobilization and coordination. Extensive surveys revealed the presence of a number of introduced plant species which had escaped cultivation and established populations in the 'wild' to the detriment of natural resources and the people that depend on them. Introduced succulents, especially those in the genus Opuntia (Cactaceae), were found to be the most widespread and abundant invasive species in the semi-arid regions in the north and east of Laikipia County. Other succulents, those in the genus Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae), were also found to have escaped cultivation and were locally abundant. In the higher rainfall areas to the west and southwest, introduced trees such as black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.; Fabaceae) and Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.; Fabaceae) and the shrubs/climbers, Mauritius thorn [Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston; Fabaceae] and yellow cestrum (Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl.; Solanaceae), were invasive. Introduced plants, which have the potential to become problematic in Laikipia, unless eradicated or controlled, have also been included in the Guide. This includes species such as famine weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.; Asteraceae) and 'mathenge' [Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; Fabaceae], which are already abundant in areas adjoining the County.

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“…Common cocklebur ( Xanthium strumarium L) is an economically significant annual weed in many crops including cotton, corn and soybean 1–4. Species of the genus Xanthium (family Compositae) are troublesome weeds throughout most of the world 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of multiple seeded cocklebur and other cocklebur types to herbicide treatment

Abbas

Johnson

Pantone

et al. 2005

Pest Management Science

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Multiple seeded cocklebur has been found in the last decade in Texas, and described as a biotype of Xanthium strumarium L with up to 25 seeds per bur instead of the usual two. The multiple seeded bur typically produces up to nine seedlings, causing concern that it may be harder to control than normal seeded common cocklebur. The efficacies of a series of fungal and conventional commercial herbicides have been compared in the greenhouse on seedlings of multiple seeded cocklebur from Texas (MSC-TX) and normal common cockleburs from Texas (NCC-TX), Arkansas (NCC-AR), Illinois (NCC-ILL) and two from Mississippi (NCC-MS#1, NCC-MS#2). Three measures of herbicidal activity (reductions in plant height and dry weight, and mortality) were used. The fungal herbicide Alternaria helianthi (Hansf) Tubaki & Nishihara at 1 x 10(5) conidia ml(-1) + 2 g liter(-1) Silwet L-77 with an 8-h dew period was an effective herbicide with all biotypes, as were the commercial chemical herbicides chlorimuron (14.8 g ha(-1)), imazaquin (29.6 g ha(-1)), sodium hydrogen methylarsonate (MSMA; 279.1 g ha(-1)) and imazethapyr (39.5 g ha(-1)). The membrane-disrupting organic arsenical MSMA was effective with all biotypes, whereas commercial chemical herbicides which act by inhibiting branched-chain amino acid synthesis (chlorimuron, imazaquin and imazethapyr) were less effective against normal seeded common cocklebur biotypes with short stature. These studies showed that multiple seeded cocklebur was at least as susceptible to the biological agent A helianthi and to the conventional commercial herbicides studied as were normal seeded cockleburs, suggesting that existing methods should be adequate to control this novel biotype.

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Competition of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) density effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) density effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Laikipia

Response of multiple seeded cocklebur and other cocklebur types to herbicide treatment

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