Competition Law Around the World From 1889 to 2010: The Competition Law Index

Bradford, Anu; Chilton, Adam S.

doi:10.1093/joclec/nhy011

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…We focus on the OECD and HD scores because they (i) are well regarded in the literature, (ii) are among the most recent publicly available scores, (iii) cover a broad sample of countries, and (iv) separate the EU from the member states, a critical condition for testing our model. Among the remaining scores, the most prominent are those ofVoigt (2009);Buccirossi et al (2011);Bradford and Chilton (2018). However, neitherVoigt (2009) norBuccirossi et al (2011) provide complete scores for the EU(Buccirossi et al (2011) score DG Comp only in a subset of dimensions andVoigt (2009) provides no scores) Bradford and Chilton (2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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How European Markets Became Free: A Study of Institutional Drift

Gutiérrez

Philippon

2018

107

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Over the past twenty years, Europe has deregulated many industries, protected consumer welfare, and created strongly independent regulators. These policies represent a stark departure from historical traditions in continental Europe. How and why did this turnaround happen? We build a political economy model of market regulation and we compare the design of national and supranational regulators. We show that countries in a single market willingly promote a supranational regulator that enforces free markets beyond the preferences of any individual country. We test and confirm the predictions of the model. European institutions are indeed more independent and enforce competition more strongly than any individual country ever did. Countries with ex-ante weaker institutions benefit more from the delegation of competition policy to the EU level.

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confidence: 99%

“…do provide scores for the EU. Their methodology builds on but substantially differs from HD Bradford and Chilton (2018). include some additional elements; exclude others they deem repetitive; and weigh different provisions differently.…”

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confidence: 99%

How European Markets Became Free: A Study of Institutional Drift

Gutiérrez

Philippon

2018

107

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“…Taken together, these variables provide a detailed picture of competition regimes from countries’ first adoption of a competition law through 2010. For scholars interested in using these data as a single variable, we have also created a composite index called the “Competition Law Index” that draws on many of these variables to create a single picture of the regulatory risk posed by countries’ competition regimes in each year from 1890 to 2010 (see Bradford & Chilton ).…”

Section: Comparative Competition Law Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition Law Gone Global: Introducing the Comparative Competition Law and Enforcement Datasets

Bradford¹,

Chilton²,

Megaw³

et al. 2019

J Empirical Legal Studies

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Competition law has proliferated around the world. Due to data limitations, however, there is little systematic information about the substance and enforcement of these laws. In this article, we address that problem by introducing two new datasets on competition law regimes around the world. First, we introduce the Comparative Competition Law Dataset, which codes competition laws in 131 jurisdictions between 1889 to 2010. Second, we introduce the Comparative Competition Enforcement Dataset, which provides data on competition agencies’ resources and activities in 100 jurisdictions between 1990 and 2010. These datasets offer the most comprehensive picture of competition law yet assembled and provide a new foundation for empirical research on the legal regimes used to regulate markets.

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“…Bradford and Chilton () discuss these variables and explain their relevance to measuring competition. Section A1 of the Appendix provides descriptions of these variables and Section A2 graphs their prevalence over time.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Global Dominance of European Competition Law Over American Antitrust Law

Bradford¹,

Chilton²,

Linos³

et al. 2019

J Empirical Legal Studies

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The world's biggest consumer markets-the European Union and the United States-have adopted different approaches to regulating competition. This has not only put the European Union and the United States at odds in high-profile investigations of anticompetitive conduct, but also made them race to spread their regulatory models. Using a novel dataset of competition statutes, we investigate this race to influence the world's regulatory landscape and find that E.U. competition laws have been more widely emulated than the U.S. antitrust laws. We then argue that both "push" and "pull" factors explain the appeal of the E.U. competition regime: the European Union actively promotes its model through preferential trade agreements and has an administrative template that is easy to emulate. As E.U. and U.S. regulators offer competing regulatory models in domains as diverse as privacy, finance, and environmental protection, our study sheds light on how global regulatory races are fought and won.

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Competition Law Around the World From 1889 to 2010: The Competition Law Index

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

How European Markets Became Free: A Study of Institutional Drift

How European Markets Became Free: A Study of Institutional Drift

Competition Law Gone Global: Introducing the Comparative Competition Law and Enforcement Datasets

The Global Dominance of European Competition Law Over American Antitrust Law

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