Near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated polymerization has
been of particular
interest owing to the deep penetration into opaque materials, giving
rise to great potential for biomedical applications and solar photochemistry.
Photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition–fragmentation
chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization presented unprecedented spatiotemporal
control over the controlled radical polymerization process. Herein,
we greatly extended the NIR region up to 980 nm by introducing rationally
designed upconversion nanocrystals with low toxicity and resistance
to photobleaching into PET-RAFT polymerization. Well-defined polymers
with predictable molecular weight and narrow dispersity were prepared
within a few hours by 980 nm NIR light-regulated PET-RAFT polymerization
via the energy transfer upconversion mechanism. The livingness feature
of this photopolymerization was confirmed by polymerization kinetics,
chain extension experiments, and multiple controlled “on–off”
light switching cycles. Furthermore, the polymerizations could be
successfully performed using different monomers, in the presence of
several visible light-proof barriers (i.e., pork/chicken skin) and
even under aerobic conditions, demonstrating the multifold advantages
of our approach.