Competition between social cheater viruses is driven by mechanistically different cheating strategies

Meir, Moran; Harel, Noam; Miller, Danielle; Gelbart, Maoz; Eldar, Avigdor; Gophna, Uri; Stern, Adi

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb7990

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Frequency dependence also requires non-additivity, where genes cause large variation in the level of cooperation (strong selection). In bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms, single 'knock out' mutations can eliminate cooperative behaviours, causing large variation in cooperation, which could help provide an explanation for why cheats are more commonly observed in these taxa 95,97 .…”

Section: The Invisible Dynamics Of Cheating Have Been Revealedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten recent insights for our understanding of cooperation

et al. 2021

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Since Hamilton published his seminal papers in 1964, our understanding of the importance of cooperation for life on earth has evolved beyond recognition. Early research was focused on altruism in the social insects, where the problem of cooperation was easy to see. In more recent years, research into cooperation has expanded across the entire tree of life, and has been revolutionised by advances in genetic, microbiological, and analytical techniques. We highlight ten insights that have arisen from these advances, which have illuminated generalisations across different taxa, making the world simpler to explain. Furthermore, progress in these areas has opened up numerous new problems to solve, suggesting exciting directions for future research. Relatedness: from anecdotes to broad generalisationsInclusive fitness theory shows how cooperation can be favoured by kin selection if it is directed towards relatives, who carry the gene for cooperation (relatives) 2 (Box 1). But how widespread is the importance of kin selection? And if it is important, how do we explain variation between individuals in the level of cooperation, or explain why cooperation is favoured in some species and not others?Recent research has shown that the relatedness (R) between interacting individuals has a clear and consistent influence on the evolution of cooperation, with both theory and data suggesting that the same factors play analogous roles at all levels of biology, from simple replicators and viruses, to complex animal groups (see below; Supplementary Tables 1 & 2). This role of relatedness has been demonstrated with a combination of methodologies, including observational, experimental, experimental evolution, across-species comparisons, and genomic.1a. Group formation. Consistent with kin selection favouring cooperation, there is considerable evidence that population structure and how groups form is a major determinant of whether cooperation is favoured 2 (Fig. 2).(i) Individuals are more cooperative in species where social groups form by staying together, compared with species where social groups form by aggregation, across a range of taxa, including bacteria, fungi, slime moulds, insects, and birds [19][20][21][22][23] .(ii) Individuals are more cooperative in species where females mate monogamously or with few males, in birds, mammals, insects and shrimps 13,19,21,[24][25][26] .(iii) When population structure is manipulated experimentally, in a range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, the conditions which lead to high relatedness favour greater cooperation 15,[27][28][29][30][31][32] .(iv) The role of group formation has also been supported by sequence data. If a trait is favoured by kin selection, then lower relatedness will lead to weaker selection for that trait, and so the removal of deleterious mutations will be slower and less likely [33][34][35][36] . Consistent with kin selection playing an important role: (a) ant and bee species with either multiple mating or multiple queens, and hence reduced relatedn...

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Section: The Invisible Dynamics Of Cheating Have Been Revealedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten recent insights for our understanding of cooperation

et al. 2021

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“…Influenza A virus (IAV) defective interfering particles (DIPs) were previously proposed for antiviral treatment against IAV infections [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], but also for pan-specific treatments of other respiratory viral diseases [ 23 , 24 ]. IAV DIPs typically carry a large internal deletion in their genome, rendering them defective in virus replication [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Influenza A Virus Defective Interfering Particles against SARS-CoV-2 Replication In Vitro through Stimulation of Innate Immunity

Rand

Kupke

Shkarlet

et al. 2021

Cells

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019 and resulted in a devastating pandemic. Although the first approved vaccines were already administered by the end of 2020, worldwide vaccine availability is still limited. Moreover, immune escape variants of the virus are emerging against which the current vaccines may confer only limited protection. Further, existing antivirals and treatment options against COVID-19 show only limited efficacy. Influenza A virus (IAV) defective interfering particles (DIPs) were previously proposed not only for antiviral treatment of the influenza disease but also for pan-specific treatment of interferon (IFN)-sensitive respiratory virus infections. To investigate the applicability of IAV DIPs as an antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19, we conducted in vitro co-infection experiments with cell culture-derived DIPs and the IFN-sensitive SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells. We show that treatment with IAV DIPs leads to complete abrogation of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was dependent on janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. Further, our results suggest boosting of IFN-induced antiviral activity by IAV DIPs as a major contributor in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Thus, we propose IAV DIPs as an effective antiviral agent for treatment of COVID-19, and potentially also for suppressing the replication of new variants of SARS-CoV-2.

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“…al. (38). Phage were vortexed in TRIzol (TriReagent®), resuspended in isopropanol, followed by cold ethanol precipitation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Hydrogen Bonds in Intact RNA from MS2 Bacteriophage Using Solid State Magic Angle Spinning NMR

Meir

Goldbourt

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer with pivotal functions in many biological processes. RNA structure determination is thus a vital step towards understanding its function. The secondary structure of RNA is stabilized by hydrogen bonds formed between nucleotide base pairs and it defines the positions and shapes of functional stem-loops, internal loops, bulges, and other functional and structural elements. In this work we present a methodology for studying large intact RNA molecules using homonuclear 15N solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We show that Proton Driven Spin Diffusion (PDSD) experiments with long mixing times, up to 16s, improved by the incorporation of 1H Radiofrequency Dipolar Recoupling (RFDR) pulses, reveal key hydrogen-bond contacts. In the full-length RNA isolated from MS2 phage, we observed strong and dominant contributions of G-C Watson-Crick base pairs, and beyond these common interactions, we observe a significant contribution of the G-U wobble base pairs. Using the improved technique facilitates characterization of hydrogen-bond types in intact large-scale RNA using solid-state NMR. It can be highly useful to guide secondary structure prediction techniques, and possibly to refine higher resolution structure determination methods.

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Competition between social cheater viruses is driven by mechanistically different cheating strategies

Cited by 25 publications

References 79 publications

Ten recent insights for our understanding of cooperation

Ten recent insights for our understanding of cooperation

Antiviral Activity of Influenza A Virus Defective Interfering Particles against SARS-CoV-2 Replication In Vitro through Stimulation of Innate Immunity

Characterizing Hydrogen Bonds in Intact RNA from MS2 Bacteriophage Using Solid State Magic Angle Spinning NMR

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