Competition between reductive acetogenesis and methanogenesis in the pig large‐intestinal flora

Graeve, K. G. de; Grivet, Jean‐Philippe; Durand, Michelle; Beaumatin, Ph.; Cordelet, Catherine; Hannequart, Geneviève; Demeyer, Daniël

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb04415.x

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…When feeding fermentable carbohydrates other than RS, methane emission has been demonstrated to respond to their intake in a linear fashion (43). The lack of response in methane emission to changes in RS intake implies that alternative routes of H 2 disposal are in place, including excretion in breath or reductive acetogenesis (44). A shift toward the production of propionate as a H 2 sink is not likely, because the production of butyrate rather than propionate responds strongly to RS intake (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantifying Resistant Starch Using Novel, In Vivo Methodology and the Energetic Utilization of Fermented Starch in Pigs3

Gerrits

Bosch

Borne

2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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To quantify the energy value of fermentable starch, 10 groups of 14 pigs were assigned to one of two dietary treatments comprising diets containing 45% of either pregelatinized (P) or retrograded (R) corn starch. In both diets, a contrast in natural ¹³C enrichment between the starch and nonstarch components of the diet was created to partition between enzymatic digestion and fermentation of the corn starch. Energy and protein retention were measured using indirect calorimetry after adapting the pigs to the diets for 3 wk. Fecal ¹³C enrichment was higher in the R-fed pigs (P < 0.001) and 43% of the R resisted enzymatic digestion. Energy retained as protein was unaffected and energy retained as fat was 29% lower than in P-fed pigs (P < 0.01). Prior to the morning meal, end products of fermentation substantially contributed to substrate oxidation in the R-fed pigs. During the 3-4 h following both meals, heat production was higher (P < 0.05) in P-fed pigs, but this was not preferentially fueled by glucose from corn starch. Digestible energy intake, metabolizable energy intake, and energy retention were reduced (P < 0.05) in R-fed pigs compared with P-fed pigs by 92, 54, and 33 kJ/(kg⁰·⁷⁵ · d), respectively. Therefore, the energy values of fermented resistant starch were 53, 73, and 83% of the digestible, metabolizable, and net energy values of enzymatically degradable starch, respectively. Creating a contrast in natural ¹³C enrichment between starch and nonstarch dietary components provides a promising, noninvasive, in vivo method for estimating the proportion of dietary starch fermented in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantifying Resistant Starch Using Novel, In Vivo Methodology and the Energetic Utilization of Fermented Starch in Pigs3

Gerrits

Bosch

Borne

2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Moreover, it is clear that the substitution of acetogenesis for methanogenesis in the rumen would result in considerable improvement of feed energy utilisation in ruminants, as well as in the reduction of overall methane emission in the environment (see eg, Van Nevel and Demeyer, 1995 al, 1994) and in the human faecal flora . In the rumen, however, methane inhibition by BES increases propionate proportion (De Graeve et al, 1994 and of free amino acids (Van Nevel and Demeyer, 1990) (Henderson and Demeyer, 1989;Demeyer, 1991) and/or the response of the fermentation pattern to increased head space H 2 (Demeyer and De Graeve, 1991 ). Incubations were stopped by injecting 1 ml of 10 N H 2 SO 4 and the volatile fatty acids, methane, H 2 and ammonia concentrations were determined before and after incubations as described previously (Van Nevel and …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempted induction of reductive acetogenesis into the rumen fermentation in vitro

Demeyer¹,

Fiedler²,

Graeve³

1996

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Summary ― Rumen and caecal contents, obtained from slaughterhouse cattle and rumen contents obtained from a fistulated wether were incubated in vitro with ground hay in the presence and absence of, respectively, casein hydrolysate and mucin. Differences in stoichiometry of rumen and caecal fermentations, indicative of reductive acetogenesis in the caecum, were confirmed, except for incubations with free amino acids. Net fermentation end product production was determined after correction for amounts formed in incubations without the substrate. These determined amounts of hay fermentation end products were compared with the amounts calculated from incubations of hay with added casein hydrolysate or mucin, corrected for amounts formed from the latter added substrates incubated alone. With casein hydrolysate, no differences between the determined and calculated amounts were observed, excluding the occurrence of reductive acetogenesis from hay in the presence of free amino acids. With mucin, the calculated amounts indicated an inhibition of methanogenesis, accompanied by increased amounts of proprionate, butyrate and valerate production. This finding was probably related to the greater availability of easily fermented carbohydrates in the presence of mucins. The absence of an increased acetate production in the incubations with added head space hydrogen gas, also indicate the absence of reductive acetogenesis from hay in the presence of mucin.

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“…There are a number of alternative pathways for H 2 disposal in the digestive tract sites, mainly methanogenesis and reductive acetogenesis. Literature data indicate a competition for metabolic H 2 uptake between methanogenic Archaea and acetogenic bacteria in the animal digestive tract (Bernalier et al, 1993;De Graeve et al, 1994). Whereas in adult ruminants methanogenesis is the main H 2 sink, in monogastric animals both reductive acetogenesis and methanogenesis may occur together with other possible pathways for disposal of H 2 (Jensen, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanogenesis in Rabbit Caecum as Affected by the Fermentation Pattern: In Vitro and in Vivo Measurements

et al. 2011

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Methane formation and caecal fermentation patterns were studied in vivo and in vitro in 16 New Zealand White rabbits (70-80 d and 2.27±0.064 kg) allocated to 4 diets formulated to have similar neutral detergent fibre (33.8±0.53%) and crude protein (17.7±0.33%) content, with 2 different sources of fibre (alfalfa hay, AH; or sugar beet pulp, SP) and starch (wheat or maize). Animals received the diet for 16 to 20 d before methane production was measured in vivo in a respiratory chamber. Animals were subsequently slaughtered at approximately 9:00 a.m. and caecal contents were sampled and used as inoculum for in vitro incubations to determine gas and methane production. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) and purine base (PB) concentrations were determined from both caecal content and incubation medium after 6 h. Total VFA concentration in caecal content decreased (P<0.05) in rabbits fed AH-maize diet compared with rabbits fed AH-wheat and SP-maize diets (37.7 vs. 59.6 mM), with those fed SP-wheat showing an intermediate value (53.0 mM). Fermentation pattern was affected when maize was the source of starch compared to wheat, with lower acetate (0.72 vs. 0.79; P<0.01) and higher butyrate (0.19 vs. 0.14; P<0.001) molar proportions. Fermentation in vivo vs. in vitro showed some differences (molar proportions of acetate, 0.76 vs. 0. 73, P<0.001, and propionate, 0.069 vs. 0.091, P<0.001, in vivo and in vitro, respectively), probably due to differences in pH (6.0 vs. 6.7 in vivo and in vitro; P<0.001). Only 2 out of 16 rabbits produced a substantial volume of methane in vivo (on average, 12.6 mL or 0.56 mmol per kg of metabolic weight and day), showing a high inter-individual variability that hindered comparison of treatment differences. In contrast, methane was detected in vitro in all cases and volumes were more homogenous, a higher formation (P<0.05) being observed with maize compared to wheat. A similar effect was shown in total gas production. The low methane production and H 2 recovery suggest the importance of H 2 disposal mechanisms other than methanogenesis, such as reductive acetogenesis. PB concentration in caecal content and the incubation medium, as an index of microbial concentration, was highest when SP was added with maize (P<0.05).

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Competition between reductive acetogenesis and methanogenesis in the pig large‐intestinal flora

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Quantifying Resistant Starch Using Novel, In Vivo Methodology and the Energetic Utilization of Fermented Starch in Pigs3

Quantifying Resistant Starch Using Novel, In Vivo Methodology and the Energetic Utilization of Fermented Starch in Pigs3

Attempted induction of reductive acetogenesis into the rumen fermentation in vitro

Methanogenesis in Rabbit Caecum as Affected by the Fermentation Pattern: In Vitro and in Vivo Measurements

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