Competition between on-patent medicines in Europe

Roediger, Alexander; Wilsdon, Tim; Haderi, Artes; Pendleton, Kathy; Azais, Boris

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.05.009

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our focus is “in-patent” price competition for patented medicines from new alternative medical therapies occurring in many diseases or conditions (Berndt et al ( 13 ); Kanavos et al ( 14 ); Danzon and Chao, ( 15 )). Examples include direct-acting antiviral treatments for hepatitis C (Roediger et al ( 16 ); Berdud et al ( 17 )), second-generation antipsychotics ( 18 ), and oncologic medicines (Vokinger et al, ( 19 )).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theory on ICER pricing and optimal levels of cost-effectiveness thresholds: a bargaining approach

Berdud,

Ferraro,

Towse

2023

Front. Health Serv.

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In many health systems around the world, decisions about the reimbursement of—and patient access to—new medicines are based on health technology assessments (HTA) which, in some countries, include the calculation of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Decision-makers compare the ICER against a pre-specified value for money criterion, known as the cost-effectiveness threshold (CET), to decide in favour of or against reimbursement. We developed a general model of pharmaceutical markets to analyse the relationship between the CET value and the distribution of the health and economic value of new medicines between consumers (payers) and producers (life science industry developers). We added to the existing literature in three ways: including research and development (R&D) cost for developers as a sunk cost; incorporating bargaining using the Nash bargaining solution to model payer bargaining power from regulation and use of competition; and analysing the impact of a non-uniform distribution of developers R&D costs on the supply of innovation. In some circumstances of bargaining power distribution and R&D cost, we found that using a CET value in HTA decision-making higher than the supply-side CET is socially efficient. Decision-makers should consider adjustable levels of the CET or interpretation of ICERs higher than the CET according to the bargaining power effect. The findings of this research pointed to the need for more research on the impact of bargaining power, how R&D investment responds to rewards, i.e. the elasticity of innovation, and pre- and post-patent expiry modelling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theory on ICER pricing and optimal levels of cost-effectiveness thresholds: a bargaining approach

Berdud,

Ferraro,

Towse

2023

Front. Health Serv.

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“…Scholars also say that laws that favor intense competition can work in favor of achieving ethical goals (Luge, 2019). Regulatory framework that focus on the competition can encourage increased efficiency in public sector (Kifman, 2017;Roediger et al, 2019). Scholars have found that competition can help achieve corporate goals including addressing the unmet medical needs, reducing the cost of treatment, and improving access to medical treatment in Europe (Roediger et al, 2019).…”

Section: Conclusion and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulatory framework that focus on the competition can encourage increased efficiency in public sector (Kifman, 2017;Roediger et al, 2019). Scholars have found that competition can help achieve corporate goals including addressing the unmet medical needs, reducing the cost of treatment, and improving access to medical treatment in Europe (Roediger et al, 2019). For instance, Germany to a large extent has achieved efficiency in public care through introducing legislative changes such as providing freedom to companies to sign selective contractors with health care providers and encouraging competition between hospitals and ambulatory care providers (Kifmann, 2017).…”

Section: Conclusion and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Covid 19 on the Obligations of Contractors through the Commercial Contract in Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Law Perspective

Elfakharani¹

2022

Preprint

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With the growing COVID cases internationally, there is a need for a greater focus at both academic and government levels on the disease. The existing studies published in peer review journals are not sufficient in developing policies regarding counteracting the impacts on the contractors’ obligation as per the commercial contracts in Saudi Arabia. The exploratory study will look into the commercial contracts in detail to find out how the obligations of contractors are affected through legislative restrictions regarding COVID.

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“…8 Persaingan pasar menyebabkan berbagai perjanjian dan harga yang semakin rendah, sehingga meningkatkan efektivitas biaya perawatan. 9 Setiap organisasi memiliki kekuatan dan kelemahan dalam area fungsional bisnis. Tidak ada bisnis yang sama kuat atau lemahnya di semua area.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisa Rendahnya Minat Masyarakat Dirawat Inap Di Upt Puskesmas Sukmajaya Kota Depok Tahun 2020

Aprilla¹

2022

HEARTY

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<div class="WordSection1">Abstrak berisi: (1) Latar belakang; Puskesmas Sukmajaya memiliki lokasi strategis, berada di wilayah padat penduduk dan mudah dijangkau. Jumlah kunjungan rawat jalan cukup tinggi, tahun 2015 sebesar 127.239 dan 2016 sebesar 124.939 pasien. Jumlah kunjungan rawat jalan yang tinggi tidak mempengaruhi minat masyarakat dirawat inap, sehingga peneliti tertarik menganalisa rendahnya minat masyarakat dirawat inap; (2) Tujuan penelitian; untuk mendapatkan informasi faktor internal dan faktor eksternal; (3) Metode penelitian; menggunakan mix metode yaitu metode kualitatif dan kuantitaf dan dilakukan pada Februari 2020.; (4) Hasil penelitian; Puskesmas kalah bersaing dengan Rumah Sakit swasta karena Rumah Sakit swasta memiliki tenaga kesehatan dan sarana prasarana yang lebih baik. Walaupun kalah bersaing, hasil perhitungan EFE dan IFE berada pada sel V. Paling baik dikendalikan dengan strategi hold dan maintain melalui market penetration dan product development. Strategi market penetration mencakup meningkatkan jumlah tenaga promosi, anggaran promosi rawat inap dan menawarkan promosi rawat inap secara luas. Agar penetrasi pasar efektif dilakukan ketika kebutuhan masyarakat akan pelayanan rawat inap tinggi. Strategi product development dilakukan dengan cara memperbaiki jasa dan melibatkan penelitian dan pengembangan yang besar; dan (5) Simpulan; saat ini Puskesmas rawat inap umum terutama wilayah perkotaan kalah bersaing dengan Rumah Sakit terutama swasta karena Rumah Sakit swasta memiliki tenaga kesehatan dan sarana prasarana yang lebih baik dibandingkan Puskesmas..Kata kunci : kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, ancaman, Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat</div>

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Competition between on-patent medicines in Europe

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

A theory on ICER pricing and optimal levels of cost-effectiveness thresholds: a bargaining approach

A theory on ICER pricing and optimal levels of cost-effectiveness thresholds: a bargaining approach

The Impact of Covid 19 on the Obligations of Contractors through the Commercial Contract in Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Law Perspective

Analisa Rendahnya Minat Masyarakat Dirawat Inap Di Upt Puskesmas Sukmajaya Kota Depok Tahun 2020

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