Competition between Lolium perenne and Digitaria sanguinalis: Ecological consequences for harbouring an endosymbiotic fungus

Richmond, Douglas S.; Grewal, Parwinder S.; Cardina, John

doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0835:cblpad]2.0.co;2

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), endophyte infection might be ecologically advantageous in some circumstances but detrimental in others [11]. For example, endophyte infection reduced the ability of perennial ryegrass to compete with large crabgrass and produced fewer tillers and less above-ground biomass than uninfected plants [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, endophyte infection reduced the ability of perennial ryegrass to compete with large crabgrass and produced fewer tillers and less above-ground biomass than uninfected plants [11]. As a result, endophyte infection might influence the composition of plant communities by altering the competitive hierarchy among plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because endophyte-infected grasses are extensively used as groundcover in soil conservation, it is important to know how endophyte infection influences the establishment and competition with other co-occurring species [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative Competitiveness of Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) with Tall Fescues and Kentucky Bluegrass

Moraes¹,

Witt²,

Phillips³

et al. 2014

AJPS

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Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) is a warm-season perennial grass (weed) native to the United States and Canada with low palatability. This species is dominant in many horse pastures in which bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is the primary forage. Tall fescues infected with endophyte fungae gives tall fescue plants greater competitividade ability and enviromental stress tolerance than their noninfected counterparts. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative competitiveness of nimblewill with bluegrass and tall fescues (Lolium arundinaceum) with or without endophytic fungi (strain AR584) through experiments using a replacement series design. Replacement series experiments were conducted in pots to evaluate the growth of species in a pure stand and in a mix stand with variables rates. Species competitiveness was evaluated based on the relative yield and relative yield total (and competitiveness index) of the dry weight of shoots from species grown together. Nimblewill was found to be more competitive than bluegrass, and all tall fescues were more competitive than nimblewill. Our results demonstrated that the presence of endophytes in three different tall fescues did not alter the competitiveness of these fescues with nimblewill, but the tall fescue Kentucky 31 was more competitive between tall fescues. Based on our finding, we concluded that fescues are recommended, especially without the endophytic fungi to suppress nimblewill in implantation of pastures to horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative Competitiveness of Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) with Tall Fescues and Kentucky Bluegrass

Moraes¹,

Witt²,

Phillips³

et al. 2014

AJPS

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“…2004), and some examples demonstrate at least a short-term cost to the plant host in some contexts (Richmond et al. 2003). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of theEpichloëfungal endophyte symbiosis withSchedonorus pratensison host grass invasiveness

Shukla

Hager

Yurkonis

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Initial studies of grass–endophyte mutualisms using Schedonorus arundinaceus cultivar Kentucky-31 infected with the vertically transmitted endophyte Epichloë coenophiala found strong, positive endophyte effects on host-grass invasion success. However, more recent work using different cultivars of S. arundinaceus has cast doubt on the ubiquity of this effect, at least as it pertains to S. arundinaceus–E. coenophiala. We investigated the generality of previous work on vertically transmitted Epichloë-associated grass invasiveness by studying a pair of very closely related species: S. pratensis and E. uncinata. Seven cultivars of S. pratensis and two cultivars of S. arundinaceus that were developed with high- or low-endophyte infection rate were broadcast seeded into 2 × 2-m plots in a tilled, old-field grassland community in a completely randomized block design. Schedonorus abundance, endophyte infection rate, and co-occurring vegetation were sampled 3, 4, 5, and 6 years after establishment, and the aboveground invertebrate community was sampled in S. pratensis plots 3 and 4 years after establishment. Endophyte infection did not enable the host grass to achieve high abundance in the plant community. Contrary to expectations, high-endophyte S. pratensis increased plant richness relative to low-endophyte cultivars. However, as expected, high-endophyte S. pratensis marginally decreased invertebrate taxon richness. Endophyte effects on vegetation and invertebrate community composition were inconsistent among cultivars and were weaker than temporal effects. The effect of the grass–Epichloë symbiosis on diversity is not generalizable, but rather specific to species, cultivar, infection, and potentially site. Examining grass–endophyte systems using multiple cultivars and species replicated among sites will be important to determine the range of conditions in which endophyte associations benefit host grass performance and have subsequent effects on co-occurring biotic communities.

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“…(large crabgrass) is a common summer annual weed that grows in both temperate and tropical regions (Holm et al, 1977) and is a serious problem in many row crops (Mohler and Callaway, 1995;Monks and Schultheis, 1998;Bhowmik et al, 1999;Sarker et al, 2002;Aguyoh and Masiunas, 2003;Fu and Ashley, 2006) and in turf grasses (Walker et al, 1998;Richmond et al, 2003). In Argentina, this weed is considered research paper…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of control strategies for decision-making regarding Digitaria sanguinalis in glyphosate-resistant soybeans

2012

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Cien. Inv. Agr. 39(2): 299-308. A bioeconomic model was developed for decision-making regarding large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) control in glyphosate-resistant soybeans in the Rolling Pampas of Argentina. The model was used to evaluate the economic returns of four different glyphosate-based strategies for weed control. In the absence of herbicide application (T1), the soil seed bank increases to an equilibrium density of 12,079 seeds m -2 in three years. A single herbicide application during the early stages of the crop (T2), which was intended to be highly effective in the control of an early weed cohort, allows a late, unaffected cohort to produce sufficient seeds to maintain population densities in the soil seed bank. A single, delayed herbicide application (T3), which was intended to control both early and late cohorts, results in a soil seed bank increase up to an equilibrium density similar to that achieved without treatment. Two sequential herbicide applications per year (T4), targeting the two cohorts, leads to a soil seed bank density after 10 years of 107 seeds m -2 . Model predictions indicate that in the absence of control measures, a 93% reduction in soybean yield was predicted due to weed interference. The lowest reduction in crop yield (27%) was predicted using strategy T4, which is the most common control measure used by local farmers. This strategy clearly outperforms the other options tested, leading to lower D. sanguinalis seed bank densities and higher soybean yields and economic returns compared to those obtained using the alternative strategies.

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Competition between Lolium perenne and Digitaria sanguinalis: Ecological consequences for harbouring an endosymbiotic fungus

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Relative Competitiveness of Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) with Tall Fescues and Kentucky Bluegrass

Relative Competitiveness of Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) with Tall Fescues and Kentucky Bluegrass

Effects of theEpichloëfungal endophyte symbiosis withSchedonorus pratensison host grass invasiveness

Simulation of control strategies for decision-making regarding Digitaria sanguinalis in glyphosate-resistant soybeans

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