Competition as a predisposing factor of crown dieback in a secondary forest of <i>Betula maximowicziana</i> in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Ohno, Yasuyuki; Umeki, Kiyoshi; Terazawa, Kazuhiko; Yasaka, Michiyasu; Watanabe, Ichirô; Takiya, Mika

doi:10.1007/s10310-009-0168-y

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…the interdependence of tree species with respect to their herbivores) (Cook-Patton et al 2014). However, in the study region, herbivory-induced mortality is often contingent upon the levels of competitive stress to which individual trees had been subjected before the herbivory (Ohno et al 2010). Moreover, trees that were shorter in height tended to show lower survival rates than taller trees of the same species (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tree diversity effects on forest productivity increase through time because of spatial partitioning

Tatsumi

2020

For. Ecosyst.

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Background: Experimental manipulations of tree diversity have often found overyielding in mixed-species plantations. While most experiments are still in the early stages of stand development, the impacts of tree diversity are expected to accumulate over time. Here, I present findings from a 31-year-old tree diversity experiment (as of 2018) in Japan.Results: I find that the net diversity effect on stand biomass increased linearly through time. The species mixture achieved 64% greater biomass than the average monoculture biomass 31 years after planting. The complementarity effect was positive and increased exponentially with time. The selection effect was negative and decreased exponentially with time. In the early stages (≤ 3 years), the positive complementarity effect was explained by enhanced growths of early-and mid-successional species in the mixture. Later on (≥ 15 years), it was explained by their increased survival rates owing to vertical spatial partitioningi.e. alleviation of self-thinning via canopy stratification. The negative selection effect resulted from suppressed growths of late-successional species in the bottom layer. Conclusions:The experiment provides pioneering evidence that the positive impacts of diversity-driven spatial partitioning on forest biomass can accumulate over multiple decades. The results indicate that forest biomass production and carbon sequestration can be enhanced by multispecies afforestation strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tree diversity effects on forest productivity increase through time because of spatial partitioning

Tatsumi

2020

For. Ecosyst.

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“…maximowicziana have a fast growth rate, it is also reported to be highly vulnerable to competition with neighbors (Ohno et al 2010). Hence, a condition in which a lightdemanding pioneer shrub and forb species is able to grow abundantly should be avoided.…”

Section: Implications For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance and limitation of scarification treatments on early establishment of Betula maximowicziana, a tree species producing buried seeds: effects of surface soil retention

Yamazaki

Yoshida

2018

Journal of Forest Research

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Significance and limitation of scarification treatments on early establishment of Betula maximowicziana, a tree species producing buried seeds: effects of surface soil retention We compared early establishment of B. maximowicziana, a commercially valuable tree species producing buried seeds, among the standard scarification and three alternative treatments in which surface soil was retained (soil replacing, screening and plowing). We found the efficiencies of the soil retention for the seedling emergence were clearly different among the treatments; the replacing and plowing caused significantly richer seedling emergence, whereas the screening resulted in lower emergence than the standard treatment. In total, the most abundant seedling emergence was estimated to have occurred in the case of higher soil water content with lower soil hardness. These seemed to be attributed to soil properties, induced differently by each treatment, and relatively high water demand characteristics of B. maxomowicziana. On the other hand, plowing showed low seedling density at the end of the second growing season despite its greater emergence, probably because of suppression from understory vegetation recovered from undisturbed root system. We conclude that replacing would be a best alternative for regeneration of B. maxomowicziana. The scarification treatments in which surface soil is retained can be evaluated to be positive or negative according to the site conditions, physiological characteristics of the target tree species, and recovery of other vegetation.

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“…1a) derived partly from a herbivory-mediated phenomenon known as associational effect (i.e., the interdependence of tree species with respect to their herbivores) (Cook-Patton et al 2014). However, in the study region, herbivory-induced mortality is often contingent upon the levels of competitive stress to which individual trees had been subjected before the herbivory (Ohno et al 2010). Moreover, trees that were shorter in height tended to show lower survival rates than taller trees of the same species (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree diversity effects on forest productivity increase through time because of spatial partitioning

Tatsumi

2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTBackgroundExperimental manipulations of tree diversity have often found overyielding in mixed-species plantations. While most experiments are still in the early stages of stand development, the impacts of tree diversity are expected to accumulate over time. Here, I present findings from a 31-year-old tree diversity experiment (as of 2018) in Japan.ResultsI find that the net diversity effect on stand biomass increased linearly through time. The species mixture achieved 64% greater biomass than the average monoculture biomass 31 years after planting. The complementarity effect was positive and increased exponentially with time. The selection effect was negative and decreased exponentially with time. In the early stages (≤3 years), the positive complementarity effect was explained by enhanced growths of early- and mid-successional species in the mixture. Later on (≥15 years), it was explained by their increased survival rates owing to vertical spatial partitioning — i.e., alleviation of self-thinning via canopy stratification. The negative selection effect resulted from suppressed growths of late-successional species in the bottom layer.ConclusionsThe experiment provides pioneering evidence that the positive impacts of diversity-driven spatial partitioning on forest biomass can accumulate over multiple decades. The results indicate that forest biomass production and carbon sequestration can be enhanced by multispecies afforestation strategies.

show abstract

Competition as a predisposing factor of crown dieback in a secondary forest of Betula maximowicziana in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Tree diversity effects on forest productivity increase through time because of spatial partitioning

Tree diversity effects on forest productivity increase through time because of spatial partitioning

Significance and limitation of scarification treatments on early establishment of Betula maximowicziana, a tree species producing buried seeds: effects of surface soil retention

Tree diversity effects on forest productivity increase through time because of spatial partitioning

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