Competition among pasture plants

Harris, W.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1973.10421123

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

1973

DOI: 10.1080/00288233.1973.10421123

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Competition among pasture plants

W. Harris¹

Abstract: Yield, plant numbers, and tiller numbers were measured Qn brQadcast swards Qf a mixture Qf 'Grasslands Manawa' and 'Grasslands Ruanui' ryegrass and Qn simulated swards Qf mQnQcultures and a mixture Qf the ryegrasses grown at cQntrasting levels Qf nitrQgen and phQsphQrus and under twO' cutting frequencies.Greatest yield resPQnses were to' applied nitrQgen, but this reSPQnse varied with seaSQn, and interacted with the Qther treatment effects. Overall, small yield increases were Qbtained by applying phQsphQrus, a… Show more

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Nitrogen and white clover impacts on the management of perennial ryegrass–clover swards for grazing cattle

McDonagh

Gilliland²,

McEvoy

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYPerennial ryegrass and white clover (WC) have been shown to form compatible mixtures for pasture production under temperate climates. The inclusion of WC has the potential to enhance the performance of grass swards, but the extent of the improvement under contrasting grazing management strategies is unclear. Grazing rotation and fertilizer nitrogen (N) use have been identified as two major factors that can influence the performance of grass–clover swards. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of differing grazing rotation lengths and the level of N application on the dry matter (DM) yield performance of grass–clover and grass-only swards as well as on WC productivity and persistency under animal grazing. Swards were managed by N application and grazing rotation length: High-N swards were managed on a 21-day grazing rotation (Man 1) and low-N swards were managed on a 30-day grazing rotation (Man 2). The four treatments were: 250 kg N/ha without WC (HN−C), 250 kg N/ha with WC (HN+C), 100 kg N/ha N without WC (LN−C) and 100 kg N/ha with WC (LN+C). There was a significant management × WC interaction over the 3 years for annual DM yield. The LN−C swards produced lower DM yield (−1917 kg DM/ha) than the swards of the other three treatments (11 167 kg DM/ha). Management had a significant effect on annual DM yield with Man 1 swards yielding 801 kg DM/ha more than Man 2 swards (10 288 kg DM/ha). The inclusion of WC yielded significantly more annual DM yield (+1009 kg DM/ha) than grass-only swards. Notably, LN+C produced the same annual total DM yield as swards under High N and a 21-day grazing rotation. Total WC DM yield and proportion across the year was altered significantly by management. Higher N fertilized swards at shorter grazing intervals had a lower WC DM yield (−1544 kg DM/ha) and proportion (−0·13). Dry matter yield of WC with low N application can be similar to that at high N levels if rotation length is used as a mechanism to determine grazing timing. Variations in WC productivity into the final year of the experiment indicate that persistence of significant contributions to DM yield by WC under low N at longer grazing intervals remains unclear after 3 years.

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Nitrogen and white clover impacts on the management of perennial ryegrass–clover swards for grazing cattle

McDonagh

Gilliland²,

McEvoy

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Sci.

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show abstract

Competition among pasture plants

Harris¹

1974

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

Self Cite

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Competition between Agrostis tenuis and Trifolium repens, as affected by a 2 x 2 application of cutting height and frequency on simulated swards, was quantified by the de Wit (1960) model. Cutting height and frequency treatments were discontinued after 6 and 17 months respectively, all plots being cut uniformly for the last 7 months of the experiment.A. tenuis was strongly suppressed by T. repens during the first summer, under infrequent cutting, and this suppression was maintained for the remainder of the experiment. There was a clearly defined difference between the competitive power of A. tenuis in the hard and laxly cut frequent cutting treatments, this effect continuing into the final phase of the experiment when, under monthly cutting, T. repens gained competitively in the frequent -hard treatment, whereas A. tenuis maintained its competitive power in the frequent -lax treatment.Yield increases of mixtures over monocultures under frequent cutting are attributed to effects of nitrogen transfer from legume to grass and different seasonal growth periodicities. The results imply that in regions where A. tenuis ingress is important, increase in the intervals between defoliations will allow T. repens and ryegrass to shade and suppress A. tenuis. This will result in more efficient use of phosphate through reduced competition by A. tenuis and better use of phosphate and other nutrients by desired species.

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Temperature and cutting effects on the growth and competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum

Harris¹,

Forde²,

Hardacre

1981

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The effects of temperature regime, transfer between temperature regimes, and cutting frequency on the competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum over 24 weeks were analysed using the de Wit (1960) model of two-species competition. Because of more rapid establishment ryegrass was initially the dominant grass under all treatments. At high (24°C day/18°C night) temperatures, paspalum became the dominant grass where cutting was frequent (2-week intervals), but ryegrass remained dominant where cutting was infrequent (4-week intervals). At low temperatures (14°C day/8°C night) ryegrass was strongly dominant, particularly with infrequent cutting. When transferred from high to low temperatures at 12 weeks ryegrass rapidly increased its competitive power relative to paspalum. Because of marked suppression at low temperature under infrequent cutting paspalum showed a slow increase in competitive power after transfer from 18w.to high temperature, but under frequent cutting paspalum became dominant by the end of the experiment. Cutting more frequently and closely at temperature transfer reduced the dominance of ryegrass and aided the increase in competitive power of paspalum after transfer from low to high temperature. Increase in competitive power was generally associated with an increase in the number of tillers per plant. Ryegrass showed an increase in yield per tiller with decreasing ratio of ryegrass in the sward, irrespective of its competitive situation. The competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum produced transgressive overyielding, particularly where a change of dominance between the grasses was emphasised by transfer between temperature regimes and frequent cutting. Differing growth rhythms and enhanced light use efficiency appeared to be the important causes of transgressive overyielding. It is concluded that realisation of the higher yield and stability of ryegrasspaspalum mixtures requires particular environmental and management conditions.

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Competition among pasture plants

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Nitrogen and white clover impacts on the management of perennial ryegrass–clover swards for grazing cattle

Nitrogen and white clover impacts on the management of perennial ryegrass–clover swards for grazing cattle

Competition among pasture plants

Temperature and cutting effects on the growth and competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum

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