Competition Among Grains in Classical Antiquity

Jasny, Naum

doi:10.2307/1841501

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…As in the Near East, there is no reason to believe that the decline of emmer was only the result of the introduction of free-threshing wheats into Europe, since both tetraploid and hexaploid forms had been growing alongside hulled wheats for millennia. Jasny (1942) suggested that agricultural intensification led to an increased cultivation of the more productive free-threshing wheats.…”

Section: Apogee and Decline Of Emmer Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

Zaharieva

Ayana

Hakimi

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

148

104

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Cultivated emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccon Schrank, a tetraploid species with hulled grain, has been largely cultivated during seven millennia in the Middle-East, Central and West Asia, and Europe. It has been largely replaced by hulless species and is now a minor crop, with the exception of some countries like India, Ethiopia and Yemen, where its grain is used for preparing traditional foods. Nutritional qualities and specific taste and flavor of emmer wheat products have led to a recent development of the cultivation in some European countries. Emmer wheat also possesses valuable traits of resistance to pests and diseases and tolerance to abiotic stresses and is increasingly used as a reservoir of useful genes in wheat breeding. In the present article, a review concerning taxonomy, diversity and history of cultivation of emmer wheat is reported. Grain characteristics and valuable agronomic traits are described. Some successful examples of emmer wheat utilization for the development of durum or bread wheat cultivars are examined, and the perspectives in using emmer wheat as health food and for the development of new breeding germplasm are discussed.

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Section: Apogee and Decline Of Emmer Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

Zaharieva

Ayana

Hakimi

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

148

104

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“…A more comprehensive discussion of the potentially exceeded carrying capacity and its various consequences is not possible here (see [115] for a discussion in Greece; see [116,117] regarding grain imports; for related socio-economic crisis and depths, see [118][119][120]). As noted at the beginning of the Methods section, we consider our integrative modelling approach as a heuristic [38], a transparent scenario-one of numerous others-that can help us to gain a better understanding of the socio-ecological complexity of the complementary region of Pergamon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much Is Enough? First Steps to a Social Ecology of the Pergamon Microregion

Laabs

Knitter

2021

Land

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In this study, we present a transparent and reproducible approach to model agricultural production with respect to environmental characteristics and available labour. Our research focuses on the city of Pergamon and its surroundings, with an emphasis on the transition between the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial Period, where widespread demographic changes took place. We investigated the degree of local self-sufficiency using different concepts of a city’s complementary region. Using simple topographic derivatives, we derive a measure of environmental suitability that we translate into a carrying capacity index. Our results show that workforce was not a limiting factor for local self-sufficiency. However, environmental carrying capacity may have been limiting in a scenario with a large population. An active investment into the environment, e.g., by the construction of terraces, could have helped to increase the degree of self-sufficiency. Future research should investigate the level of resilience of such a coupled socio-ecological system in relation to environmental and socio-cultural dynamics.

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“…By the middle of the nineteenth century however, wheat had become the dominant crop in the European Mediterranean. In the Levant and North Africa, wheat ± generally a hard wheat ± was grown, but barley and sorghum gave better yields in the areas of low rainfall (Jasny 1942). The French and Italians introduced soft wheat for bread into North Africa in the late nineteenth century (Collins 1993).…”

Section: The Mediterranean Region In the 1990smentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Consumption in the Mediterranean Region

Grigg

1999

Tijd voor Econ & Soc Geog

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This paper deals with the present diet in the Mediterranean. Many of the plants and animals used in the traditional Mediterranean diet were domesticated in the Near East and spread from there around the Mediterranean. There is a clear distinction between the food consumption of the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and those north of the Alps; but there are regional differences within the Mediterranean.In the West Mediterranean meat consumption is high, and cereal consumption low, but North Africa has a high consumption of cereals, and little meat or dairy foods. In the East Mediterranean olive oil consumption is being replaced by oilseed, but the former remains dominant from Portugal to Greece. Fruit and vegetables are particularly signi®cant in the East Mediterranean. Rapid economic growth in the European countries of the Mediterranean since 1960 has ended the traditional Mediterranean diet and diminished the unity that the basin once had in diets.

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Competition Among Grains in Classical Antiquity

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

How Much Is Enough? First Steps to a Social Ecology of the Pergamon Microregion

Food Consumption in the Mediterranean Region

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