Competing Research Traditions in American Industry: Uncertain Alliances between Engineering and Science at Westinghouse Electric, 1886–1935

Kline, Ronald R.; Lassman, Thomas C.

doi:10.1017/s1467222700015287

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The first practical power system, developed by Westinghouse Electric company in 1886, changed the landscape of human society [1]. Recently, the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into power grid applications has enabled the evolution towards a smart grid architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Machine Learning Methods for Detecting False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems

Sayghe¹,

Hu²,

Zografopoulos³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Over the last decade, the number of cyberattacks targeting power systems and causing physical and economic damages has increased rapidly. Among them, False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) is a class of cyberattacks against power grid monitoring systems. Adversaries can successfully perform FDIAs in order to manipulate the power system State Estimation (SE) by compromising sensors or modifying system data. SE is an essential process performed by the Energy Management System (EMS) towards estimating unknown state variables based on system redundant measurements and network topology. SE routines include Bad Data Detection (BDD) algorithms to eliminate errors from the acquired measurements, e.g., in case of sensor failures. FDIAs can bypass BDD modules to inject malicious data vectors into a subset of measurements without being detected, and thus manipulate the results of the SE process. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional residual-based BDD approaches, datadriven solutions based on machine learning algorithms have been widely adopted for detecting malicious manipulation of sensor data due to their fast execution times and accurate results. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date machine learning methods for detecting FDIAs against power system SE algorithms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Machine Learning Methods for Detecting False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems

Sayghe¹,

Hu²,

Zografopoulos³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A few notable exceptions regarding the period include(Kline and Lassman 2005) and(Hounshell and Smith 1988, 98-326) Shapin (2008). also discusses this period but elaborates on the sociologists rather than the scientists in the laboratories.…”

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confidence: 99%

Introduction: Physics, Technology, and Technics during the Interwar Period

Katzir

2018

Sci Context

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Historians, philosophers, and physicists portray the 1920s and 1930s as a period of major theoretical breakthrough in physics, quantum mechanics, which led to the expansion of physics into the core of the atom and the growth and strengthening of the discipline. These important developments in scientific inquiry into the micro-world and light have turned historical attention away from other significant historical processes and from other equally important causes for the expansion of physics. World War II, on the other hand, is often seen as the watershed moment when physics achieved new levels of social and technical engagement at a truly industrial scale. Historians have shown that military interests and government funding have shaped physics to unprecedented degree, and according to some, to the extent of discontinuity with earlier practices of research (Forman 1987; Kevles 1990; Kaiser 2002). In this vein, Stuart Leslie wrote, "Nothing in the prewar experience fully prepared academic scientists and their institutions for the scale and scope of a wartime mobilization that would transform the university, industry, and the federal government and their mutual interrelationships" (Leslie 1993, 6). While one can never be fully ready for novelties, the contributors to this issue show that developments in interwar physics did prepare participants for their cold war interactions with industry and government.

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War and Peacetime Research on the Road to Crystal Frequency Control

Katzir¹

2010

tech

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Crystal frequency control, an essential ingredient in the electronics revolution, was invented in the aftermath of World War I by Walter Cady. Cady exploited his thorough knowledge of a scientific phenomenon called piezoelectricity, on which he gathered expertise during a wartime crash program in submarine detection, the first technological application of the phenomenon. With armistice Cady, a university professor of physics, could change his focus toward open-ended scientific research. He examined results observed earlier in the attempt to utilize piezoelectric crystals, leading him to the discovery of their sharp and steady resonance. Encouraged by professional and personal relationships with corporations and governmental agencies, and by his war experience, Cady followed his findings to design practical devices. Yet he maintained the identity and practices of a physicist, experimentally and theoretically exploring the phenomena further. Like many scientists, he was an occasional rather than professional inventor. This story reveals connections and overlaps but also differences between the kind of research carried out at an industrial research laboratory and at a university.

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Competing Research Traditions in American Industry: Uncertain Alliances between Engineering and Science at Westinghouse Electric, 1886–1935

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

A Survey of Machine Learning Methods for Detecting False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems

A Survey of Machine Learning Methods for Detecting False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems

Introduction: Physics, Technology, and Technics during the Interwar Period

War and Peacetime Research on the Road to Crystal Frequency Control

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