Competing Endogenous RNA: The Key to Posttranscriptional Regulation

Abstract

Competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA, vie with messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for microRNAs (miRNAs) with shared miRNAs responses elements (MREs) and act as modulator of miRNA by influencing the available level of miRNA. It has recently been discovered that, apart from protein-coding ceRNAs, pseudogenes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs act as miRNA “sponges” by sharing common MRE, inhibiting normal miRNA targeting activity on mRNA. These MRE sharing elements form the posttranscriptional ceRNA network to regulate mRNA expression. ceRNAs are widely implicated in many biological processes. Recent studies have identified ceRNAs associated with a number of diseases including cancer. This brief review focuses on the molecular mechanism of ceRNA as part of the complex post-transcriptional regulatory circuit in cell and the impact of ceRNAs in development and disease.

Double‐negative feedback loop between long non‐coding RNA TUG1 and miR‐145 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and radioresistance in human bladder cancer cells

“…Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs act as endogenous miRNA sponges to bind to miRNAs and regulate their function [26,27]. To find out whether TUG1 serves as a miRNA sponge, we performed the bioinformatics analysis and found that TUG1 contained binding sites for several miRNAs.…”

Upregulation and Clinicopathological Significance of Long Non-coding NEAT1 RNA in NSCLC Tissues

“…Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), small (<200 kb) and long (lncRNAs) (>200 kb), have attained extensive attention recently as the new crucial biological regulators from nuclear organization to epigenetic modification of posttranscriptional regulation and RNA splicing (Gupta et al, 2010;Tsai et al, 2010;Ma et al, 2012;Sen et al, 2014). Moreover, functional analyses have revealed that lncRNAs play essential roles in a range of developmental processes , SuNing Huang 1 , Gang Chen 2 * and diseases, including tumorigenesis and metastasis (Gupta et al, 2010;Cao, 2014;Liu et al, 2014).…”

miR-219-5p suppresses the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by targeting calcyphosin

“…Evidence gathered from numerous studies highlights the significance of miRNAs as being vital in the regulation of numerous physiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (16)(17)(18). Both the MTT and colony formation assays demonstrated that miR-219-5p significantly suppressed the growth and proliferation of CRC cells in vitro.…”