“…Until recently, virtually all states relied primarily on one or two of their public mental hospitals to conduct the courts’ pretrial evaluations on an inpatient basis (Shah & McGarry, 1986). By the late 1970s, however, several articles began to report isolated state-by-state experiences with the development of alternative approaches (Beran & Toomey, 1979; Commonwealth of Massachusetts Court Clinic Services Committee, 1985; Fitzgerald, Peszke, & Boodwin, 1978; Laben, Kashgarian, Nessa, & Spencer, 1977; Laben & Spencer, 1976; Melton, Weithorn, & Slobogin, 1985; Petrila, 1981; Roth, 1979). Many of these newer approaches followed the pattern of “deinstitutionalization” in broader mental health systems, emphasizing outpatient forensic evaluations performed in the community.…”