“…Continuing competence, therefore, is an important topic for attention, decisions, and planned implementation. Of course, the definition of competence lacks consensus, remains obscure, and is contradictory (Yanhua & Watson, 2011), however, a holistic conception of competence has been accepted by many researchers (Black et al ., 2008). According to the holistic definition of competence, the Iranian Nursing Organization (INO, 2010) applied the term competence as referring to “a combination of skills, knowledge, attitudes, values and abilities that underpin effective and/or superior performance in a professional/occupational area.” In this study, competence is defined in terms of capacity to integrate knowledge, skills, attitude, and values in specific contextual situations of practice (Cowan et al ., 2007).…”