“…While research on workers resilience is considered as still evolving, there are however studies that have examined it as an outcome or consequence of several antecedents such as training, compensation, organizational culture (Fisk & Dionisi, 2010;Drisko, 2014); however, content on the relationship between empathic leadership and workers resilience is relatively scarce. While studies (Stein & Book, 2000;Shirzad & Baharak, 2011) have identified emotional intelligence as an overarching factor in leader -employee social exchange and relations, several other studies (Hassan, Saeid, & Sirous, 2010;Williams, 2001) have identified similar factors which although not as broad a concept as emotional intelligence, yet identify key aspects of emotional exchange between leaders and their followers.…”