Compensatory Responses to Short-Term Feed Restriction during the Growing Period in Swine

Prince, T. J.; Jungst, Steve B.; Kuhlers, D. L.

doi:10.2527/jas1983.564846x

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The R pigs, which consumed 75.3% the amount consumed by AL pigs during the restriction period had a lower (P<0.001) average daily gain (ADG) than the AL pigs, although no differences were found for feed conversion ratio (FCR) during this phase. These results agree with those of other authors (Campbell et al, 1983;Prince et al, 1983;Skiba et al, 2002;Daza et al, 2003). During the post-restrictive period (36-100 days), the R pigs showed a higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P<0.004) and ADG (P<0.01) than the AL pigs, but no differences were found for FCR.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In some experiments compensatory growth produced pigs with leaner carcass (Campbell et al, 1983;Donker et al, 1986). However, other studies observed no difference in carcass traits at slaughter between restricted pigs and pigs with ad libitum access to feed during growth period (Prince et al, 1983;Valaja et al, 1992;Critser et al, 1995;Daza et al, 2003). On other hand, the possible influence of compensatory growth on backfat fatty acid composition of selected pigs has been hardly studied, although fatty acid metabolism is largely affected by feed intake and metabolic regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, Wiesemüller et al (1978) observed an improvement of overall average daily gain as well as feed conversion ratio while Campbell et al (1983), Prince et al (1983) and Donker et al (1986) found an improvement only in overall feed conversion ratio and not in average daily gain when feeding level was restricted during grower phase. Critser et al (1995) and Daza et al (2003) found no improvement either in overall daily gain or in feed efficiency, despite the compensatory growth during the finishing period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a moderate feed restriction on subsequent growth and body composition in pigs raised under high environmental temperatures

Daza¹,

Olivares²,

López‐Bote³

2006

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The experiment was conducted to assess the influence of a moderate feed restriction during the growth period on overall performance, corporal traits and fatty acid composition in pig backfat in pigs raised under high environmetal temperatures. A hundred Large White x (Large White x Landrace) barrows with an average initial weight of 34.5 kg were randomly distributed, in pens (10 pigs per pen). Fifty pigs were fed ad libitum for 36 days (AL pigs) and another fifty were restricted by 25% of their ad libitum consumption during the same period (R pigs). During the subsequent re-feeding period (64 days) all pigs were fed ad libitum. The only diet used contained 13.4 MJ ME kg -1 , 17% crude protein and 1.3% lysine. The minimum, maximum and mean average temperatures recorded during the feed restriction and post-restriction periods were, ºC: 21.5 ± 1.2, 28.6 ± 1.3 and 25.0 ± 1.1, and 22.6 ± 0.9, 31.2 ± 1.0 and 26.9 ± 0.9, respectively. Considering the whole study period, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were higher (P<0.05) for AL pigs than for R pigs (840 vs 808 g and 2478 vs 2383 g), although the feed conversion ratio was not different (P>0.05) (2.95 vs 2.95 kg . kg -1 ). At the end of experiment, no differences for dorsal fat thickness and area and for longissimus dorsi muscle depth, width and area, measured at site of the last rib by means of a real-time ultrasound device, were found between experimental groups. The linolenic acid proportions of the subcutaneous fat outer and inner layer were higher in AL than in R pigs (P<0.05), while palmitic and saturated fatty acids total proportions of the subcutaneous fat inner layer were higher in R than in AL pigs (P<0.05).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of a moderate feed restriction on subsequent growth and body composition in pigs raised under high environmental temperatures

Daza¹,

Olivares²,

López‐Bote³

2006

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Heyer and Lebret (2007) reported that R pigs had lower DFI during restriction, whereas in the re-alimentation period they showed greater DFI than the control. There are conflicting reports of the effect of re-alimentation during a compensatory growth on DFI, with higher DFI (Mersmann et al, 1987), and no effect on DFI (Prince et al, 1983;Therkildsen et al, 2004) being obtained. In this experiment, at the beginning of the ad libitum refeeding phase in SL3, R pigs had higher DFI but not over the whole period, which resulted in the average DFI not being significantly different in the re-alimentation period (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of restriction imposed on some pigs was 0.70 of ad libitum; this was within the experimental range. In the literature, there are descriptions of various levels of restriction being imposed, but these are usually fixed at a level, which is between 0.60 to 0.80 of ad libitum total feed intake, 0.6 Therkildsen et al, 2002), 0.7 or 0.8 (Prince et al, 1983), 0.65 (Heyer and Lebret, 2007) or 0.69 . Experimental protocols were approved by the appropriate Ethics Committee.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of compensatory growth on performance, carcass composition and plasma IGF-1 in grower finisher pigs

Chaosap

Parr

Wiseman

2011

Animal

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A total of 48 female pigs (Large White 3 Landrace 3 Duroc cross) were used to determine whether a compensatory feed regime influenced performance, carcass composition and the level of plasma IGF-1. Pigs of initial age 73 days were fed a commercial diet at 0.70 of ad libitum (R) for 40 days followed by a return to ad libitum feeding for a further 42 days. The control group was fed ad libitum (A) throughout. Groups of animals on R and A feed regimes were slaughtered at the end of restriction period (SL1), 2 days after refeeding ad libitum (SL2) to establish the more immediate effects of refeeding on IGF levels, and after 42 days refeeding (SL3; n 5 8 for each group). As expected, during the restriction period, average daily live weight gain in all the slaughter groups of R pigs was significantly lower than A pigs ( P , 0.01); there was no significant difference in feed conversion ratios. In the re-alimentation period of SL3, R pigs grew 12.9% faster ( P 5 0.033), indicating compensatory growth. At SL1, there was a trend for carcass weight ( P 5 0.108) of A pigs to be higher than R pigs, but at SL2 live weight and carcass weight of A pigs were significantly heavier than R pigs ( P , 0.05), but not at SL3. For killing-out percentage, there was no difference in SL1. After refeeding for 2 days (SL2) and 42 days (SL3), R pigs had significantly lower killing-out percentage than A pigs ( P , 0.05). As a proportion of live weight, R pigs had smaller heart, kidney and liver ( P , 0.05) than A pigs at SL1. At SL2, only the kidney was smaller in the restricted group ( P , 0.05) and there were no significant differences in SL3. As a proportion of carcass weight, Longissimus dorsi was heavier in the R pigs at SL1 ( P 5 0.108) and SL2 ( P , 0.05), but not at SL3. At SL1, there was a trend for intramuscular fat of A pigs to be higher than R pigs. The plasma IGF-1 level was lower in R pigs than A pigs ( P 5 0.010) at SL1, and slightly lower at SL2 ( P 5 0.110), with no significant differences at SL3. Dietary restriction period influenced plasma IGF-1 levels, which returned to the ad libitum group levels when animals were refed, as did live weight and carcass weight. It appears that the internal organs and possibly fat, but not muscles, underwent a compensatory response when animals were refed.

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Higher body fatness in intrauterine growth retarded juvenile pigs is associated with lower fat and higher carbohydrate oxidation during ad libitum and restricted feeding

et al. 2013

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Purpose A thrifty energy metabolism has been suggested in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) offspring. We characterized energy metabolism and substrate oxidation patterns in IUGR pigs in response to food restriction (FR) and refeeding (RFD).MethodsFemale pigs with low (L; 1.1 kg; n = 20) or normal birth weight (N; 1.5 kg; n = 24) were fed ad libitum after weaning. Half of L and N pigs were food restricted (R; LR, NR) from days 80 to 100 (57 % of ad libitum) and refeed from days 101 to 131, while the remaining pigs were fed ad libitum (control, C). Using indirect calorimetry, carbohydrate and fat oxidation (COX, FOX), energy expenditure (EE) and balance (EB), resting metabolic rate (RMR) [all related to kg body weight0.62 (BW)] and RQ were determined at 4 days before (day 76) and after (day 83) beginning of FR, 4 days before (day 97) and after (day 104) end of FR and 25 days after beginning of RFD (day 125). Body fat and muscle weights were determined at day 131.ResultsIn spite of higher relative food intake (FI), BW was lower in L pigs. In L pigs, physical activity was lower at age 76 and 83 days compared to N pigs. IUGR did not affect EE or RMR, but resulted in higher COX and lower FOX, causing greater and earlier onset of fat deposition. During FR, EE and RMR of R pigs dropped below that of C pigs, and BW gain was delayed by 30 % irrespective of birth weight. In response to FR, COX decreased and FOX increased. During FR, in LR pigs FOX was ~50 % of that in NR pigs. After 4 days, but not 25 days of RFD, EB and fat synthesis were higher in pigs previously subjected to FR, indicating early catch-up fat. In R pigs, BW and the abdominal fat proportion were lower at 131 days.ConclusionsDifferences in food intake and substrate oxidation pattern, but not in EE and RMR, between L and N pigs were reflected in higher body fat proportions but lower body and muscle weights in L pigs. Refeeding following FR was initially associated with increased FI, a more positive EB and a more intense stimulation of fat synthesis which did not persist after 25 days of refeeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-013-0567-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Compensatory Responses to Short-Term Feed Restriction during the Growing Period in Swine

Cited by 61 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of a moderate feed restriction on subsequent growth and body composition in pigs raised under high environmental temperatures

Effect of a moderate feed restriction on subsequent growth and body composition in pigs raised under high environmental temperatures

Effect of compensatory growth on performance, carcass composition and plasma IGF-1 in grower finisher pigs

Higher body fatness in intrauterine growth retarded juvenile pigs is associated with lower fat and higher carbohydrate oxidation during ad libitum and restricted feeding

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