Compensatory phospholipid digestion is required for cholesterol absorption in pancreatic phospholipase A2–Deficient mice

Hydrolysis of Micellar Phosphatidylcholine Accelerates Cholesterol Absorption in Rats and Caco-2 Cells

“…18) Richmond et al recently reported that phospholipase A 2 specific inhibitor FPL 67047XX significantly reduced cholesterol transport to lymph in rats infused with a lipid emulsion containing PC. 19) Mackay et al previously observed that incorporation of micellar cholesterol into (Fig. 2).…”

“…19) They pointed out a possibility that PC hydrolysis might be compensated by another digestive enzyme in phospholipase A 2 knockout mice. Our observations together with previous studies 9,20,21) suggest that cholesterol esterase is the first candidate for an alternative enzyme of phospholipase A 2 in phospholipase A 2 knockout mice.…”

Interfacial Kinetic and Binding Properties of the Complete Set of Human and Mouse Groups I, II, V, X, and XII Secreted Phospholipases A2

“…Pancreatic sPLA 2 (group IB) has a well known role in the digestion of dietary phospholipids, but other sPLA 2 s are probably also involved in phospholipid degradation in the gastrointestinal track (9). The first nonpancreatic mammalian sPLA 2 to be identified was the group IIA enzyme, which is expressed at high levels during inflammation (10) and is the principal bactericidal agent against Gram-positive bacteria in human tears (11) and also works in concert with neutrophils as a bactericidal agent (12).…”

Factors Affecting Intestinal Absorption of Cholesterol and Plant Sterols and Stanols

“…Homan and Hamelehle previously reported that phospholipase A 2 relieves PC inhibition of micellar cholesterol absorption and transport in Caco-2 cells 39 . Richmond et al reported that cholesterol absorption in phospholipase A 2 -deficient mice was accelerated by compensatory phospholipid digestion 40 . Therefore, evidence suggests that the hydrolysis of PC in intestinal lumen is involved in the acceleration of cholesterol absorption.…”