Compensatory muscle activation and spinal curve changes in response to fatigue among adolescent male athletes

Abstract

Background The prone plank test has been often used to assess the strength and endurance of trunk muscles. We aimed to develop a new measurement protocol to objectively monitor the changes in spinal curves and muscle activity simultaneously. Methods Eleven adolescent male basketball athletes (13–17 years) performed a one-minute plank test. Spinal curvatures (thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL)) were determined at each time point by optical tracking of markers placed on the spinous processes of 10 vertebrae. Eleven muscles were measured by surface electromyography to determine muscle fatigue via changes in median frequency. Results TK significantly increased (p = 0.003) from the first to the last 10 s of the plank test; changes in LL were mixed within the group. Only the rectus abdominis showed consistent and significant fatigue (p < 0.001). The increased spinal curves significantly correlated with the fatigue of biceps femoris (TK: r = -0.75, p = 0.012; LL: r = -0.71, p = 0.019) indicating a compensatory muscle activation and spinal curve changes in response to fatigue. Conclusion Our protocol may support future researches that aim to objectively evaluate the prone plank test and which posture-related muscles need strengthening for the individual.