Compensation of the Frequency Offset in Communication Systems with LoRa Modulation

Abstract

This study focused on methods estimation and compensation frequency offset in communication systems with LoRa modulation. LoRa being used in IoT applications rapidly expands its markets. The article discusses three methods for estimation and compensation frequency offset as well as details of the comparative analysis made. Aside from the well-known methods by Ghanaatian and Golden Section Search (GSS), the third method is offered by the authors of the article and represents an improved version of the method proposed by Ghanaatian. The proposed method is based on a symmetric processing signal that is divided into two parts. The advantages and drawbacks of the considered methods are described. As a result of the performed study, a software model was developed, the dependence of the root mean-square error (RMSE) estimation of the frequency offset, and cumulative density function (CDF) of the frequency estimation error was calculated. Modeling was performed under identical conditions. The frequency offset accuracy provided by the proposed method exceeded the accuracy of the considered methods.

Design and Analysis Performance of IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System using LoRa Technology

“…According to recent research, they have utilized IoT technology to provide real-time monitoring to optimize processing and be more efficient in water quality management. Furthermore, LoRa and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies are popular network protocols in IoT systems due to their versatile and robust technical characteristics, as well as their ability to achieve long communication ranges with low power, low cost, and high data rates when implemented in systems [8], [9], [10], [11]. However, the application of LoRa technology requires zoning or country considerations.…”

Drawbacks of Traditional Environmental Monitoring Systems

“…technology to provide real-time monitoring in order to streamline operations and more effectively regulate water quality. Because of their adaptable and dependable technical characteristics, as well as their ability to achieve long communication distances with little power consumption, cost-effectiveness, and fast data transfer speeds during system deployment, LoRa and LPWAN technologies are frequently used in IoT systems (Chowdury, M. S. U., Emran, T. B., Ghosh, S., Pathak, A., Alam, M. M. et al, 2019); (Mukhamadiev, S., Rogozhnikov, E., & Dmitriyev, E., 2022); (Gkotsiopoulos, P., Zorbas, D., & Douligeris, C., 2021); (Radhakrishnan, V., & Wu, W., 2018). For the adoption of LoRa technology, however, zoning regulations or national considerations are required.…”

Benefits of Water Quality Monitoring

“…Recent studies indicate that they have made use of IoT technology to enable real-time monitoring in order to streamline operations and regulate water quality more effectively. In addition, LoRa and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies are well-liked network protocols in Internet of Things (IoT) systems because of their flexible and reliable technical traits, as well as their capacity to achieve long communication ranges with low power, low cost, and high data rates when implemented in systems [11][12][13][14]. However, zoning or national considerations are necessary for the deployment of LoRa technology.…”