Compensation by Cruciferous Plants is Specific to the Type of Simulated Herbivory

Gavloski, John; Lamb, Robert J.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-29.6.1273

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Gavloski and Lamb (2000) studied how damage by three herbivores of cruciferous plants with different damage patterns can be simulated. They used concentrated or dispersed defoliation of cotyledons of Sinapis alba and Brassica napus, with or without meristem removal, to simulate damage by the flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae, diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and bertha armyworm Mamestra configurata.…”

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both damage methods resulted in similar compensation in leaf growth, less compensation for the flea beetle damage than the other two herbivores, and better compensation by S. alba than by B. napus. Gavloski and Lamb (2000) thus showed that, in their system, when the amount of biomass removal and the pattern of removal (dispersed or concentrated, with or without meristem removal) are reproduced by punch or scissors, artificial damage produces acceptable results. Gavloski and Lamb (2000) did not try to mimic the temporal pattern of herbivory.…”

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gavloski and Lamb (2000) thus showed that, in their system, when the amount of biomass removal and the pattern of removal (dispersed or concentrated, with or without meristem removal) are reproduced by punch or scissors, artificial damage produces acceptable results. Gavloski and Lamb (2000) did not try to mimic the temporal pattern of herbivory. In contrast, Baldwin (1988) simulated the temporal, in addition to spatial, pattern of herbivory when he studied the effect of Manduca sexta damage on Nicotiana sylvestris.…”

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, Baldwin (1988) simulated the temporal, in addition to spatial, pattern of herbivory when he studied the effect of Manduca sexta damage on Nicotiana sylvestris. The response variable was the alkaloid content, which appeared to be more sensitive to the damage method than the growth and reproduction traits used by Gavloski and Lamb (2000). Damage increased the alkaloid content, and the increase was larger after simulated damage than after real herbivory.…”

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use and Usefulness of Artificial Herbivory in Plant-Herbivore Studies

Lehtilä¹,

Boalt²

2008

Ecological Studies

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Artificial damage is a popular method in plant-herbivore studies, because the use of real herbivores is often laborious and because it may be virtually impossible to use herbivores in many experimental setups. We made a literature search of studies that tested whether natural and artificial damage have similar effects on plants. Of 46 studies found, 33 (72 %) reported a significant difference between responses to artificial and natural herbivore damage in at least one of the statistical tests included. The studies contained 280 statistical tests, of which 99 (35 %) showed a significant difference between artificial and natural damage. Phytochemical responses to artificial and natural damage were different in 41 % of the statistical tests and 75 % of the studies found at least one significant difference. Plant resistance, measured as secondary damage, herbivore performance, fungal growth in damaged tissue or plant attractivity to parasitoids of herbivores, differed in 60 % of the statistical tests and 85 % of the studies had significant differences. Growth, reproduction and physiological responses to artificial and natural damage differed in 20-30 % of statistical tests and 50-83 % of studies had significant differences. Thus, studies on plant tolerance (growth and reproduction after damage) more often showed similar effects for artificial and natural damage than studies on plant resistance to herbivory, but even in tolerance studies artificial and natural damage often have different effects. Some studies indicated that application of herbivore saliva and careful imitation of timing and spatial pattern of damage helped in reaching the same effect with simulations and natural damage. IntroductionIn many experimental settings, artificial damage has several practical benefits over the use of real herbivores (Hjältén, Chap. 12, this Vol.). The extent of damage and the location of damaged parts can easily be controlled, and collateral damage to other than target tissues can be minimized. The removed biomass can be collected and measured. Furthermore, there is no need to collect and rear herbivores. The use of artificial damage enables efficient experimental designs, with balanced sample sizes of experimental groups and a low variation of treatment intensity within each experimental group. For these reasons, artificial damage is used more often in herbivory research than real herbivores.Artificial damage does not, however, always adequately mimic natural damage (Baldwin 1990; Hjältén, Chap. 12, this Vol.). Many types of herbivory are not applicable for simulations. Damage by stem borers, miners, galling insects, root feeders or sucking insects is seldom tried to simulate. However, even when the apparent damage pattern is easy to reproduce, several characteristics of natural herbivory may be difficult to simulate, such as the timing of damage, herbivore host choice, location of damage within a plant, and subtle details of damage by herbivore mouth parts. Herbivore saliva can also play a role in plant responses (Walling ...

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Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attempts Of Exact Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Use and Usefulness of Artificial Herbivory in Plant-Herbivore Studies

Lehtilä¹,

Boalt²

2008

Ecological Studies

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“…removed (Escarré et al 1996;Quinn and Hall 1996;Susko and Lovett-Doust 1999). The effect of an additional factor, the pattern of tissue removal, has only been considered on a few occasions (Mauricio et al 1993;Coleman and Leonard 1995;Morrison and Reekie 1995;Gavloski and Lamb 2000;Macedo et al 2007), but it has obvious implications for assessing the impacts of different herbivores with different feeding habits or foraging patterns. For instance, specific pests of canola, Brassica napus L., have particular feeding preferences that result in different patterns of defoliation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of artificial defoliation techniques using canola (Brassica napus)

Susko

Superfisky

2008

Plant Ecol

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We conducted two experiments that investigated how the method and location of artificial defoliation influenced growth, reproduction, and allocation in canola, Brassica napus. In one experiment, 0%, 25%, or 50% of leaf area was removed by cutting circular holes at three possible locations: concentrated at either the base of leaves or at their tips, or dispersed throughout leaf blades. Plants fully compensated for such damage; reproduction and allocation were unaffected by either defoliation intensity or wound location. In a second experiment, we again initiated three intensities of defoliation: non-damaged plants served as controls, while others had 25% or 50% of their leaf areas removed. The method of removal in the second experiment consisted of cutting either multiple, similar-sized, circular holes or single, contiguous patches of a leaf blade. At the highest defoliation intensity reproductive output and allocation were significantly less in plants treated with the former method than the latter, even though an equivalent initial amount of leaf area was removed in both treatments. We conclude that simulated herbivory studies must account for not only how much of the plant is damaged, but also the pattern of leaf damage itself, since both factors contribute to a plant's physiological and ecological responses to grazing.

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Key Pests and Parasitoids of Oilseed Rape or Canola in North America and the Importance of Parasitoids in Integrated Management

Dosdall

Mason

2010

Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests

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Compensation by Cruciferous Plants is Specific to the Type of Simulated Herbivory

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

The Use and Usefulness of Artificial Herbivory in Plant-Herbivore Studies

The Use and Usefulness of Artificial Herbivory in Plant-Herbivore Studies

A comparison of artificial defoliation techniques using canola (Brassica napus)

Key Pests and Parasitoids of Oilseed Rape or Canola in North America and the Importance of Parasitoids in Integrated Management

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