Compensation and sacrifice in the probabilistic rationing of indivisible units

The measurement of the value of a language

“…It underlies many relational axioms formalizing a general idea: if the environment (e.g., resources, technology, population, or preferences) in which a group of people find themselves changes, and if no one in this group is responsible for the change, the welfare of all of them should be affected in the same direction: either they all end up at least as well off as they were initially, or they all end up at most as well off (Thomson, 2021). These axioms have been crucial to characterize egalitarian allocation rules in diverse settings (Roemer, 1986;Moulin, 1987;Moulin and Roemer, 1989;Moreno-Ternero and Roemer, 2006;Martínez and Moreno-Ternero, 2022). They have also been instrumental to characterize focal egalitarian rules in axiomatic bargaining and cooperative game theory (Kalai and Smorodinsky, 1975;Kalai, 1977;Young, 1988;Chun and Thomson, 1988).…”