“…[13] Substantial efforts are devoted to developing high-performance thermal radiation materials, such as organic polymers, [14,15] ceramics, [16][17][18][19] glass, [20][21][22] graphene, [2,23] carbon nanotubes, [24][25][26] and transition metal oxides. [27][28][29][30] However, many of these materials suffer from inadequate IR emittance, thermal instability, or substrate-dependent behavior, thus impeding their practical utilization.Researchers have attempted to address these limitations through dual-layer radiation coatings, complex morphologies, and thermal photonics to enhance radiation capability and robustness. [3,31,32] However, these approaches tend to be costly and involve complex preparation processes, making large-scale deployment challenging.…”