Compatibility of elastomers with test fuels of gasoline blended with ethanol

Kass, Michael D.; Theiss, Timothy; Janke, Christopher J.; Pawel, Steve; Chapin, J. Thomas; Yang, Edwin; Boyce, Ken

doi:10.1016/s1350-4789(12)70516-0

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These results are generally consistent with the results from previous studies. Kass et al [11,12,14] found increases of less than 5% for PPS, PET, PTFE, POMAC, and PBT, with greater volume increases for PETG ($25% for the lower level aggressive alcohol blends), and increases of approximately 10% for HDPE. After drying, they found samples retained some of their volume swell, with increases of 5% or less for PPS, PET, PTFE, POMAC, PBT, and PVDF, an increase of 2% or less most N6 and N6/6 exposures (somewhat lower than ours), increases of approximately 8-15% for PETG, and similar dry volume changes to ours for HDPE.…”

Section: Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Kass et al [9][10][11][12][13] found some of the largest gains for SBR, followed by NBR and N (60-80% increases for lower level ethanol/butanol exposures), and PU (approximately 40% for the different aggressive alcohol blends), with the fluorocarbons swelling from 15% to 22% for A401C and B601 for alcohol fuel exposures. They also found trends where the volume swell tailed off as a function of increasing ethanol/alcohol level for several materials, including SBR, NBR, and N, with a slight trend for the fluorocarbons.…”

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also found trends where the volume swell tailed off as a function of increasing ethanol/alcohol level for several materials, including SBR, NBR, and N, with a slight trend for the fluorocarbons. After drying, they found volume reductions on the order of 15-18% for SBR, 10-18% for NBR, 17-20 for N, from 1% to 12% for PU, and a more consistent retention of about 7% for the fluorocarbons [9][10][11][12][13]. Jones et al [16] evaluated elastomers for volume changes for CE10A and CE20A fuels, including nitrile rubber with a medium and high CAN content and fluoroelastomers.…”

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvents (test fuels) and solutes (elastomers) having similar solubility parameters will have a greater affinity for permeation and dissolution than those with dissimilar values. Kass and coworkers have performed a series of solubility potential calculations using the Flory-Huggins model with the Hansen solubility parameter methodology [11][12][13][14]. Using this methodology the relative volume swell can be assessed by comparing the solubility distance for each material to the interaction radius of the polymer.…”

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first phase of this research focused on intermediate ethanol levels (10-25%) and evaluated the impacts on elastomers, metals and sealants [9,10]. This effort was then expanded to include plastics, which are found in fueling infrastructure systems, including piping and underground storage tanks [11]. More recently, Kass and coworkers have expanded their research to include butanol blends [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material compatibility evaluation for elastomers, plastics, and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends

Durbin

Karavalakis

Norbeck

et al. 2016

Fuel

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h i g h l i g h t sMaterials were exposed to ethanol and butanol fuels, and aggressive blends. Materials examined included elastomers, plastics, and metals. Volume and mass changes were measured plus some tensile strength. Significant changes in the materials observed for the elastomers. Smaller changes were seen for the plastics and the metals. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tAs the use of alternative fuels increases in the marketplace, it is important to understand how these new fuels might impact the network of transportation, storage, and distribution systems used for transportation fuels. This study examined materials compatibility issues for components that would be found in the existing petroleum fueling infrastructure. E10 blends with both aggressive and non-aggressive formulations, a 55% butanol blend with an aggressive formulation were employed on metal, plastic, and elastomer samples. The material specimens were evaluated before and after exposure for volume and mass change, and elastomers and plastics were tested for tensile strength. The elastomers and plastics generally increased in volume and mass immediately following the exposures, indicating the adsorption of the liquid fuels into the elastomer and plastic material. Following drying, the most elastomers shrank to volume/mass values below that of the original sample, indicating that the liquid fuel and some of the associated elastomer components were removed from the sample, while plastics retained some of this volume swell/mass gain after drying, indicating that the liquid fuel was retained in the plastic structure. Metal samples were the least affected by the liquid fuel exposures, with all samples showing a minimal increase or decrease in volume of 6% or less and negligible change in mass. Most elastomers and plastics showed a reduction in tensile strength and elongation after the fuel exposures.

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Section: Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material compatibility evaluation for elastomers, plastics, and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends

Durbin

Karavalakis

Norbeck

et al. 2016

Fuel

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Swelling and mechanical properties of (acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber)/(hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber) blends with precipitated silica filled in gasohol fuels

Promchim

Kanking

Niltui

et al. 2014

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This work studied the effects of hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR) and precipitated silica (PSi) loadings in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) filled with 60 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of carbon black (CB) for oil-resistant seal applications in contact with gasohol fuel. The cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and swelling behavior of HNBR/NBR blends reinforced with PSi before and after immersion in ethanol-based oils (E10, E20, and E85) were then monitored. This work studied the effects of PSi loading in rubber compounds on the mechanical properties of the rubber blends. The results suggested that the scorch time of CB-filled NBR/HNBR was not affected by HNBR loading, but the cure time, Mooney viscosity, and torque difference increased with HNBR content. The swelling of the blends in E85 oil were relatively low compared with those in E10 and E20 oils. The recommended NBR/HNBR blend ratio for oilresistant applications was 50/50. Tensile strength and elongation at break before and after immersion in gasohol oils increased with HNBR loading, and the opposite effect was found for tensile modulus and hardness. PSi filler had no effect on scorch time, but decreased the cure time of the blends. The swelling level of the blends slightly decreased with increasing PSi content. The recommended silica content for optimum reinforcement for black-filled NBR/HNBR blend at 50/50 was 30 phr. The results in this work suggested that NBR/HNBR blends reinforced with 60 phr of CB and 30 phr of silica could be potentially used for rubber seals in contact with gasohol fuels. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL.,

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The Suitability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as Blending Agents in Jet A-1

Lapuerta

Canoira

2016

Biofuels for Aviation

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Compatibility of elastomers with test fuels of gasoline blended with ethanol

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Material compatibility evaluation for elastomers, plastics, and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends

Material compatibility evaluation for elastomers, plastics, and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends

Swelling and mechanical properties of (acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber)/(hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber) blends with precipitated silica filled in gasohol fuels

The Suitability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as Blending Agents in Jet A-1

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