Compatibility of dyes

Abstract

Normally a combination of several dyestuffs is necessary to obtain a given colour. The behaviour of dyes in admixture is therefore of great practical interest. Level and repeatable dyeings are achieved more easily if dyes of almost equal behaviour in admixture can be selected. Most fundamental work on dyeing deals with up‐take of single dyestuffs. Papers on dye‐uptake in combination dyeings are comparatively rare. The early literature has been reviewed by Vickerstaff [1] and Peters [2]. At the end of the 60s compatibility values for cationic dyes were introduced [3, 4] and since then they have been used in practice as a criterion for dye selection. Meanwhile several dyelfibre classes have been investigated [5] and similar behaviour in admixture is recognized to be an important requirement of optimised dye ranges. In this article, papers on compatibility of dyestuffs for uniformly dyeable fibres will be reviewed. Coverage of fibre differences or on‐tone dyeing of fibre blends is not included.

Feasibility of using digital color imaging devices for the determination of cationic dyes compatibility

“…One important aspect of dye compatibility in a dye combination is that the rate of dyeing of the components of a dye mixture should be similar in order to obtain an increase in the depth of dyeing by increasing the dye concentration while the hue of the resultant dyed sample remains constant . The kinetic parameters of dyeing, such as time of half‐dyeing and diffusion coefficient of individual dye component are usually used to assess the compatibility of mixture of dyes.…”

“…1 One important aspect of dye compatibility in a dye combination is that the rate of dyeing of the components of a dye mixture should be similar in order to obtain an increase in the depth of dyeing by increasing the dye concentration while the hue of the resultant dyed sample remains constant. 2 The kinetic parameters of dyeing, such as time of half-dyeing and diffusion coefficient of individual dye component are usually used to assess the compatibility of mixture of dyes. These parameters might not clearly express the compatibility characteristics of the dyes since these parameters are based on this assumption that the rate of dyeing of a dye is independent of the presence of another dye whereas the absorption behavior of a single dye is likely to be different in a dye combination.…”

A novel method for determination of compatibility of dyes by means of principal component analysis

“…(1) shows, it means that the ratio of the quantity of adsorbed dyes during the dyeing period would be constant. [2][3][4]…”

“…It was shown that dyes with similar dyeing rates in individual dyeing bath exhibit different absorbing behavior in mixtures which make the prediction imprecise. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Despite some organized work on the practical concept of compatibility, especially, the published work on cationic dyes, the general quantitative aspect of this term has not been cleared. Many researchers have tried to define the compatibility of dyes by comparison of the rates of dyeing of individual dyes and have recommended simple terms such as t 50 or t 70 (time of 50% or 70% dye adsorption in comparison to dyeing equilibrium).…”

“…Besides, the diffusion coefficients of dyes in individual baths are not identical with those obtained in a mixture. [3][4][5] Still, the well known practical assessment named dip-test method has been accepted widely by the dyers as a most simple and practicable technique for determination of compatibility property of dyestuffs. The applicability of method was approved in many dyeing systems such as cationic dyes on acrylics fibers and disperses dyes on synthetic polymers.…”