Compatibility of copolymers of N-vinylcaprolactam and vinyltetrazoles with aqueous systems

Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), a comprehensive review on a thermoresponsive polymer becoming popular

“…Kizhnyaev et al [67,68] prepared and studied properties of the resulting copolymers of 5-vinyltetrazole (VT) and 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole (MVT) with NVCL. It is known that complexation between comonomers affects the structure of the resulting polymers.…”

“…To further modulate the features of PNVCL aqueous solutions, PNVCL has been modified via copolymerization with a variety of monomers: 1-vinylimidazole (VIm) [51][52][53][54], 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole (VMI) [55], N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) [14,20,29,[56][57][58], methacrylic acid (MAA) [19,59,60], Acrylic acid (AA) [50], 2-methacryloiloxybenzoic acid (2MBA) [19], sodium acrylate (SA) [61], N-acryloylsuccinimide (NASI) [62], nbutylacrylate (BA) [14,62], N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) [63,64], N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) [19], methyl methacrylate (MMA) [47,65], vinyl acetate (VAc) [66], N-vinyl pivalate (NVPi) [66], 5-vinyltetrazole (VT) [67,68], 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole (MVT) [67], N-t-Boc-tryptophanamido-N'-methacryl thioureas (TrpAMT) [14], glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) [69], N-vinyl-N-acetate (VAc) [70], N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide (NVMA) [66,70], n-hexyl acrylate (HA) [19], acryloyl chloride (AC) [71], maleic acid (MA) [72], N-(t-butoxycarbonylaminopropyl)methacrylamide (t-BOCAPMA) [73], and alkyl acrylate derivations labeled with pyrene or naphthalene, as well as via grafting with PEO as an effective stabilizing agent …”

“…From the point of view of the synthetic methodology, free-radical copolymerization of NVCL in solution was performed in different solvents, such as p-dioxane [19,63,69,73], ethanol [51,54,[65][66][67][68], isopropanol [50,51,57], DMF [14,50,51,64], water [60,72], ethyl acetate [70], in mixtures of isopropanol and water [48], of DMSO and water [59], and in an emulsion of oil in water [47]. While the most widely used initiator was 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) [14,50,53,62,70,73], other initiators were also reported:…”

“…4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanol) [19], tert-butylperoxide [56], benzoylperoxide [70], azobisisobutyric acid dinitrile [67], hydrogen peroxide [48], and potassium persulfate (KPS) [60,72].…”

Obtaining swelling hydrogels to improve fertility and the benefit of retaining sandy soils

“…In [18], the alkylation reactions of linear poly-5-vinyltetrazole with di-and polyfunctional compounds containing mobile halogen atoms or oxirane rings were used to obtain samples of a network polymer. In the ionized state, cross-linked poly-5 vinyltetrazole is capable of limited swelling in water to form hydrogels.…”