Compatibility between compact and mesoporous TiO2 layers on the optimization of photocurrent density in photoelectrochemical cells

Ramli, Noor Fadhilah; Fahsyar, Puteri Nor Aznie; Ludin, Norasikin Ahmad; Teridi, Mohd Asri Mat; Ibrahim, Mohd Adib; Zaidi, Saleem H.; Sepeai, Suhaila

doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100341

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A compact TiO 2 blocking layer (bl-TiO 2 ) was deposited onto the precleared FTO by spin coating (3000 rpm, 30 s) 1 mL of titanium isopropoxide in 1 mL of ethanol. A mesoporous TiO 2 layer (mp-TiO 2 ) was diluted with absolute ethanol at 1:9 ratio and coated onto FTO/bl-TiO 2 substrate by spin coating (4000 rpm for 20 s) [29]. The substrates were sintered on a hotplate at 450 °C and 30 min).…”

Section: Psc Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells through delay-deposition technique

Fahsyar

Ludin²,

Ramli³

et al. 2021

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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The establishment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of their power-conversion efficiency (PCE) over silicon-based solar cells is undeniable. The state-of-art of easy device fabrications of PSCs has enabled them to rapidly gain a place in third-generation photovoltaic technology. Numerous obstacles remain to be addressed in device efficiency and stability. Low performance owing to easily degraded surface and deterioration of perovskite film quality resulting from humidity are issues that often arise. This work explored a new approach to producing high-quality perovskite films prepared under high relative humidity (RH = 40%–50%). In particular, the ubiquitous 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBp) was introduced into lead iodide (PbI2) precursor as an additive, and the films were fabricated using a two-step deposition method followed by a delay-deposition technique of methylammonium iodide (MAI). High crystallinity and controlled nucleation of MAI were needed, and this approach revealed the significance of time control to ensure high-quality films with large grain size, high crystallography, wide coverage on substrate, and precise and evenly coupled MAI molecules to PbI2 films. Compared with the two-step method without time delay, a noticeable improvement in PCE from 3.2 to 8.3% was achieved for the sample prepared with 15 s time delay. This finding was primarily due to the significant enhancement in the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor of the device. This strategy can effectively improve the morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films, as well as reduce the recombination of photogenerated carriers and increase of current density of devices, thereby achieving improved photovoltaic performance.

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Section: Psc Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells through delay-deposition technique

Fahsyar

Ludin²,

Ramli³

et al. 2021

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…The photocurrent would be verified by the collected carriers, and the loss mechanism of the photo-generated charge carriers was defined by the recombined and trapped carrier [27]. For the ETL/absorber interface, large grain size and homogenous morphology were observed as reported in the authors' previous study [21]. This result was reliable with the findings by Liang et al who used different grain sizes from 321 to 1139 nm, which resulted in the highest PCE of 7.89% for the optimum grain size of 759 nm [29].…”

Section: Interface Defect and Surface Morphologymentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Acetone, ethanol, and isopropanol were used to clean the substrate followed by the DI water to rinse. A spin-coating technique was used to deposit TiO 2 blocking and mesoporous layers on the FTO at 4000 rpm for 20 s. Detail procedure for the electron transport (ETL) layer has been presented in our previous work [21]. Next, the CH 3 NH 3 I was dispersed in IPA with a 0.03:1 ratio.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of simulation and experiment for perovskite solar cells with MoS2 hybrid-HTL structure

Fahsyar

Ludin²,

Ramli³

et al. 2021

Appl. Phys. A

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In this study, experimental photovoltaic performance and numerical simulations are compared for perovskite solar cells devices with MoS 2 hybrid hole transporting layer (HTL) structure. Experimentally, it is established that the incorporation of MoS 2 with 2 mg/ml concentration effectively acts as a barrier to ion migration and minimizes the shunt contact. The optimum absorber thickness, defect density, and optimum MoS 2 thickness were theoretically evaluated and discussed by modeling the electrical characteristics of the cells using SCAPS-1D software, hence, the correlation of structural and morphologic tuning can be examined. The optimum absorber thickness of 400 nm and 363 nm was shown for simulation and experimental, respectively, meanwhile, the optimum MoS 2 thickness of 30 nm recorded in the simulation was agreed by an experimental thickness of 29 nm. Remarkably, the surface morphology of the perovskite layer with visible pinholes was observed and successfully concealed by the optimum MoS 2 concentration. The simulated HTL structure based on the optimized parameters showed an efficiency of 11.24%, and the hybrid-HTL structure showed a significant enhancement in the efficiency by up to 14.16%. Further validation via experiment, the efficiency of 8.3% and 9.5% was obtained for the HTL and hybrid-HTL structures, respectively. Thus, the results revealed that the structural and morphologic tuning can establish a beneficial guide for the optimization and fabrication of devices from the simulation and experimental perspectives.

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“…As seen from the SEM test results, the 8 cm tip-tocollector distance resulted in the smallest nanofiber size. The small ZnO nanofiber semiconductor diameter increased the DSSCs' photovoltaic performance due to the higher surface area for absorbing dye molecules (dye loading), resulting in higher light absorption (Hekmati et al, 2013;Ramli et al, 2019;Sorayani Bafqi et al, 2015). It can be seen that the 8 cm tip-to-collector distance resulted in the highest efficiency of DSSCs at 1.61%.…”

Section: Tip Distance To Collector Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO NANOFIBER ON DOUBLE-LAYER DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS USING DIRECT DEPOSITION METHOD

Arifin¹,

Hadi²,

Suyitno³

et al. 2020

PTQ

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Solar cells are capable of harvesting energy by converting solar heat into electrical energy through the photovoltaic process. A type of solar cell, namely dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) which based on doublelayer photoanode is attracting researchers and engineers considering its characteristics, e.g., high efficiency, low cost, and available mass-production. The TiO2-ZnO double-layer semiconductor can be obtained from a nanofiber ZnO semiconductor which is deposited with a TiO2 nanoparticle semiconductor. In this study, the direct deposition method was applied using an electrospinning machine. The intention is to directly capture the liquid of electro-jet spun from PVA/Zn(Ac)2 solution onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. The glass itself is coated with a TiO2 nanoparticle semiconductor. The investigation was addressed to obtain the best tip distance to the collector and the best flow rate in the electrospinning process. The subject environment was designated on the manufacturing process of nanofiber ZnO semiconductors used as double-layer DSSC photoanodes. Variations in flow rates of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 μL/minute were applied in the observation. Furthermore, collaboration with the tip to collector distances using a variation of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 cm was also considered in this study. Based on these parameters, the effects of the electrospinning process on the morphology of the directly deposited ZnO nanofiber semiconductor were obtained. The results showed that a flow rate of 4 μL/minute and a tip distance to the collector of 8 cm produced a small diameter and uniform morphology. This morphology allowed ZnO nanofibers to have better color absorption and electron excitation. Thus, it was directly proportional to the high efficiency of double-layer DSSCs. The performance value for the 4 μL/min discharge was 2.39%, and the performance value for the 8 cm needle tip distance to the collector was 1.61%.

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Compatibility between compact and mesoporous TiO2 layers on the optimization of photocurrent density in photoelectrochemical cells

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells through delay-deposition technique

Ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells through delay-deposition technique

Correlation of simulation and experiment for perovskite solar cells with MoS2 hybrid-HTL structure

CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO NANOFIBER ON DOUBLE-LAYER DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS USING DIRECT DEPOSITION METHOD

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