Compartmentalization of Redox Signaling Through NADPH Oxidase–Derived ROS

Ushio‐Fukai, Masuko

doi:10.1089/ars.2008.2333

Cited by 327 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Exactly how redox signalling produces these specific effects is an interesting question. One possibility would be that the different compartmentalisation of NADPH oxidases 32 might activate different signals. Another possibility is that the molecular targets of ROS may differ, depending on the scenario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is required for megakaryocytic differentiation

et al. 2010

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Transient reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is currently proving to be an important mechanism in the regulation of intracellular signalling, but reports showing the involvement of ROS in important biological processes, such as cell differentiation, are scarce. In this study, we show for the first time that ROS production is required for megakaryocytic differentiation in K562 and HEL cell lines and also in human CD34 þ cells. ROS production is transiently activated during megakaryocytic differentiation, and such production is abolished by the addition of different antioxidants (such as N-acetyl cysteine, trolox, quercetin) or the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium. The inhibition of ROS formation hinders differentiation. RNA interference experiments have shown that a p22 phoxdependent NADPH oxidase activity is responsible for ROS production. In addition, the activation of ERK, AKT and JAK2 is required for differentiation, but the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase seems to be less important. When ROS production is prevented, the activation of these signalling pathways is partly inhibited. Taken together, these results show that NADPH oxidase ROS production is essential for complete activation of the main signalling pathways involved in megakaryocytopoiesis to occur. We suggest that this might also be important for in vivo megakaryocytopoiesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is required for megakaryocytic differentiation

et al. 2010

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“…The intracellular location of NADPH oxidases can have a profound impact on the range of target molecules that can be modified by superoxide or secondary ROS (17,73,75). Indeed, spatial restriction is an important strategy used by other enzymes that generate highly reactive free radical gases such as the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (32,79).…”

Section: Subcellular Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nox5 and the Regulation of Cellular Function

Fulton

2009

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

134

142

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The NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of enzymes is comprised of seven members, Noxes 1-5 and the Duoxes 1 and 2. Nox5 was the last of the conventional Nox enzymes to be identified, and in comparison to its siblings, much less is known about its molecular regulation and even less regarding its functional significance. The loss of Nox5 from rodent genomes has contributed significantly to this deficit in knowledge, but recent discoveries have narrowed the gap. There are many differences between Nox5 and the other Nox isoforms including alternative splicing, transcriptional regulation, enzymatic control mechanisms, tissue distribution, and intracellular trafficking. The goal of this review is to outline recent advances in our knowledge of the genetic regulation, the molecular mechanisms governing its activity, and the functional significance of Nox5 in human physiology and pathophysiology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 2443-2452.

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“…As fundamental cellular metabolic processes and efficient redox signaling can be guaranteed if redox homeostasis is optimally maintained (Meyer, 2008), there must exist a delicate mechanism that regulates redox homeostasis in plant cells. Given that: (1) ROS metabolism is known to be a major factor in the control of cellular redox homeostasis; (2) excess ROS is produced not only in response to environmental stresses, but also during certain developmental processes under normal conditions; and (3) ROS production is compartmentalized, with some plastids, including chloroplasts, being the major ROS production sites (Hansen et al, 2006;Maulucci et al, 2009;Ushio-Fukai, 2009), the transfer of ZmRIP1 from the chloroplast to the nucleus in response to H 2 O 2 appears to suggest a feedback mechanism for regular regulation of redox homeostasis in maize cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Characterization of ZmRIP1, a Novel Reductant-Inhibited Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase from Maize

Zhao²,

Liang³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

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Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) have long been thought to be activated by reductants and deactivated by oxidants, owing to the presence of a crucial sulfhydryl group in their catalytic centers. In this article, we report the purification and characterization of Reductant-Inhibited PTPase1 (ZmRIP1) from maize (Zea mays) coleoptiles, and show that this PTPase has a unique mode of redox regulation and signaling. Surprisingly, ZmRIP1 was found to be deactivated by a reductant. A cysteine (Cys) residue (Cys-181) near the active center was found to regulate this unique mode of redox regulation, as mutation of Cys-181 to arginine-181 allowed ZmRIP1 to be activated by a reductant. In response to oxidant treatment, ZmRIP1 was translocated from the chloroplast to the nucleus. Expression of ZmRIP1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants and maize protoplasts altered the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in antioxidant catabolism, such as At1g02950, which encodes a glutathione transferase. Thus, the novel PTPase identified in this study is predicted to function in redox signaling in maize.

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Compartmentalization of Redox Signaling Through NADPH Oxidase–Derived ROS

Cited by 327 publications

References 126 publications

p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is required for megakaryocytic differentiation

p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is required for megakaryocytic differentiation

Nox5 and the Regulation of Cellular Function

Purification and Characterization of ZmRIP1, a Novel Reductant-Inhibited Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase from Maize

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