Compartmental organization and chemical profile of dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the rat

González‐Hernández, Tomás; Rodrı́guez, Manuel

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000522)421:1<107::aid-cne7>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 169 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…It has long been known that there are two subpopulations of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain with respect to expression of Calb (TH neurons expressing Calb and TH neurons lacking Calb), and that these subpopulations are distinct in their connectivity and physiological properties [10,13,14,27]. For instance, midbrain dopaminergic neurons expressing Calb preferentially project to the matrix of the striatum and are considered to be invulnerable to neurodegeneration [13,14].…”

Section: Calbindin-immunoreactive Cell Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These areas include the cortex, substantia nigra [10], ventral tegmental area [11], thalamus [12], striatum, nucleus accumbens [13,14], spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion [15]. In the A11 region, it was reported that almost all of the dopaminergic neurons (93% of THpositive neurons) express calretinin and only a small population of dopaminergic neurons (9% of TH-positive neurons) express calbindin (Calb) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Types of A11 Neurons Project to the Rat Spinal Cord

et al. 2017

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The A11 dopaminergic cell group is the only group among the A8-A16 dopaminergic cell groups that includes neurons innervating the spinal cord, and a decrease in dopaminergic transmission at the spinal cord is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome. However, the mechanisms regulating the neuronal activity of A11 dopaminergic neurons remain to be elucidated. Unraveling the neuronal composition, distribution and connectivity of A11 neurons would provide insights into the mechanisms regulating the spinal dopaminergic system. To address this, we performed immunohistochemistry for calcium-binding proteins such as calbindin (Calb) and parvalbumin (PV), in combination with the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG) injected into the spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry for Calb, PV, or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for dopaminergic neurons, revealed that there were at least three types of neurons in the A11 region: neurons expressing Calb, TH, or both TH and Calb, whereas there were no PV-immunoreactive (IR) cell bodies. Both Calb- and PV-IR processes were found throughout the entire A11 region, extending in varied directions depending on the level relative to bregma. We found retrogradely labeled FG-positive neurons expressing TH, Calb, or both TH and Calb, as well as FG-positive neurons lacking both TH and Calb. These findings indicate that the A11 region is composed of a variety of neurons that are distinct in their neurochemical properties, and suggest that the diencephalospinal dopamine system may be regulated at the A11region by both Calb-IR and PV-IR processes, and at the terminal region of the spinal cord by Calb-IR processes derived from the A11 region.

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Section: Calbindin-immunoreactive Cell Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Types of A11 Neurons Project to the Rat Spinal Cord

et al. 2017

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“…The SNR is formed almost exclusively of fast-spiking GABAergic cells (Gerfen, 2004; Schultz, 1986), which are much less densely packed than their dopaminergic counterpart of the pars compacta of the SN (SNpc). A few dopaminergic cells can also be found in the posterior SNR (SNRp) (González-Hernández and Rodríguez, 2000). The SNR together with the globus pallidus internal (GPi), which in rodents is represented by the entopeduncular nucleus, is the main output structure of the basal ganglia.…”

Section: The Snr: a Predominantly Gabaergic Basal Ganglia Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex dimorphism in seizure-controlling networks

Giorgi

Galanopoulou²,

Moshé

2014

Neurobiology of Disease

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Males and females show a different predisposition to certain types of seizures in clinical studies. Animal studies have provided growing evidence for sexual dimorphism of certain brain regions, including those that control seizures. Seizures are modulated by networks involving subcortical structures, including thalamus, reticular formation nuclei, and structures belonging to the basal ganglia. In animal models, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) is the best studied of these areas, given its relevant role in the expression and control of seizures throughout development in the rat. Studies with bilateral infusions of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol have identified distinct roles of the anterior or posterior rat SNR in flurothyl seizure control, that follow sex-specific maturational patterns during development. These studies indicate that (a) the regional functional compartmentalization of the SNR appears only after the third week of life, (b) only the male SNR exhibits muscimol-sensitive proconvulsant effects which, in older animals, is confined to the posterior SNR, and (c) the expression of the muscimol-sensitive anticonvulsant effects become apparent earlier in females than in males. The first three postnatal days are crucial in determining the expression of the muscimol-sensitive proconvulsant effects of the immature male SNR, depending on the gonadal hormone setting. Activation of the androgen receptors during this early period seems to be important for the formation of this proconvulsant SNR region. We describe molecular/anatomical candidates underlying these age- and sex-related differences, as derived from in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as by [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. These involve sex-specific patterns in the developmental changes in the structure or physiology or GABAA receptors or of other subcortical structures (e.g., locus coeruleus, hippocampus) that may affect the function of seizure-controlling networks.

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“…14 The SNR consists of primarily GABAergic neurons, the majority of which are labeled by parvalbumin (PRV). 15 A small population of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive dopaminergic neurons is present at the posterior SNR (SNR posterior ). 15,16 …”

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confidence: 99%

The role of the substantia nigra pars reticulata in kindling resistance in rats with genetic absence epilepsy

et al. 2015

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Summary Objective Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) show a resistance to secondary generalization of focal limbic seizures evoked by kindling. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) is involved in the propagation and modulation of seizures in kindling. We first examined the role of the SNRanterior and SNRposterior subregions in the resistance to the development of kindling in GAERS. Subsequently, to determine whether kindling resistance relates to differential sensitivity of GABAergic or dopaminergic SNR neurons to kindling, we studied the effects of kindling-inducing stimulations on parvalbumin (PRV; GABAergic neuron marker) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; dopaminergic neuron marker) immunoreactivity (ir) respectively in GAERS and in nonepileptic control (NEC) Wistar rats that lack kindling resistance. Methods Adult male GAERS were implanted with a stimulation electrode in the amygdala and bilateral injection cannulas for lidocaine or saline injection (30 min before each kindling stimulation until the animals reached three stage 5 seizures or the 22 stimulations) into the SNRanterior or SNRposterior. In another experiment, PRV-ir in SNRanterior and SNRposterior and TH-ir in SNRposterior only were densitometrically compared in GAERS-SHAM, NEC-SHAM GAERS-STIM and NEC-STIM animals (6 kindling stimulations). Results Bilateral SNRposterior infusions of lidocaine eliminated the kindling resistance and resulted in stage 5 generalized motor seizures in all kindled rats. Bilateral lidocaine infusions in the SNRanterior failed to alter the kindling resistance in GAERS. PRV-ir in the SNRposterior was unaltered in GAERS-STIM but increased in NEC-STIM group. Cellular TH-ir in the SNRposterior significantly increased by kindling stimulations in both NEC-STIM and GAERS-STIM groups. Significance The kindling resistance in GAERS is mediated by the SNRposterior in a lidocaine-sensitive manner. The insensitivity to kindling stimulation of PRV-ir in SNRposterior of GAERS but not NEC rats, implicate GABAergic SNRposterior neurons in kindling resistance. In contrast, the observed stimulation-specific increase in TH-ir in the SNRposterior is unrelated to kindling resistance.

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Compartmental organization and chemical profile of dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the rat

Cited by 169 publications

References 128 publications

Three Types of A11 Neurons Project to the Rat Spinal Cord

Three Types of A11 Neurons Project to the Rat Spinal Cord

Sex dimorphism in seizure-controlling networks

The role of the substantia nigra pars reticulata in kindling resistance in rats with genetic absence epilepsy

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