Comparisons on impact fracture behavior between three-dimensional four directional and five directional braided composite materials

Self Cite

Ageing conditions and braided structures will affect dynamic damage and failure mechanisms of 3D braided composites. Here we report the influence of thermo-oxidative ageing on impact compression behaviors of 3D braided composite with and without axial yarns, i.e., four directional (3D4d) and five directional (3D5d) braided composites. We found a significant difference in mechanical properties between epoxy resins and composites after ageing. The impact compressive strength of epoxy resins declined rapidly and then slowly, while the composites decreased continuously, with the increase of ageing days. The interfacial debonding is main degradation mechanism for both braided composites at the later ageing stage. Thermo-oxidative ageing accelerates the inner damage evolution which propagates from surface cracks. Compared with 3D4d braided composites, the 3D5d braided structure has higher strength retaining level after ageing. In addition, the 3D5d braided samples have higher resistance to impact deformation and lower crack propagation. Finite element analysis (FEA) results revealed that 3D5d composites showed higher load carrying capacity and less damages than 3D4d composites.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2012) revealed thermal oxidative ageing could reduce the stiffness and strength of laminates during dynamic compression loading. Shi et al. (2019) found that interfacial weakening and matrix degradation affected the fracture behaviors of 3D braided composites after thermo-oxidative ageing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact compression damages of 3D braided composites with/without axial yarns after thermo-oxidative ageing

Long

et al. 2022

Self Cite

“…Cao et al (2019) used DIC measurement to show how high strain fields correspond to damage level and aging condition of the composite laminates prior to impact loading. In a recent study (Shi et al, 2019) the DIC showed that strain field near growing cracks in braided composite materials increased gradually up to global failure of material. Despite all these efforts, random errors due to image noise and image contrast are inevitable for DIC system since it collects intensity data at discrete pixel subsets, (P eri e et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage growth and failure detection in hybrid fiber composites using experimental in-situ optical strain measurements and smoothing element analysis

Tabrizi

Kefal

Zanjani

et al. 2021

In previous study the failure initiation and development in hybrid fiber laminates was successfully monitored and determined. In current investigation a novel damage monitoring approach is proposed for hybrid laminates by combining different optical strain measurement techniques namely digital image correlation (DIC), fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG) and infrared thermography (IRT) with smoothing element analysis (SEA). This viable experimental procedure eliminates the effects of global/local nature of optical strain measurement systems on heterogeneous damage accumulation and is a two-step approach. First, all optical sensing systems together with conventional strain gauges are utilized concurrently to indicate the differences in the measured strains and monitor damage accumulation under tensile loading. This demonstrates how failure events disturb the measurement capabilities of optical systems, which can cause a miscalculation of hybrid effect in hybrid-fiber laminates. The second step involves the utilization of SEA algorithm for discretely measured DIC displacements to predict a realistic continuous displacement/strain map and rigorously mitigate the inherent noise of the full field optical system. Remarkably, for large deformation states in hybrid composites, the combination of SEA/DIC enables early prediction of susceptible damage zones at stress levels 30% below material strength.

“…In decades, with the development of aerospace technology, the structural materials are required to be lightweight, high strength, high modulus, and low cost (Sinmaz Elik et al., 2011). New composite materials gradually replace the traditional metal materials, such as Three-dimensional (3 D) braided composites (Lu et al., 2019; Ren et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2019), Fiber-reinforced plastic (Okabe et al., 2018), Metal matrix composites (Ju and Yanase, 2011), etc. Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) is a new hybrid composite material that composes of alternate metals and fiber-reinforced resin layers (Asundi and Choi, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of different compositions of fiber metal laminates on the fracture in the semi-solidified stamping forming

Lang

Blala

et al. 2020

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are widely used in manufacturing due to the high specific strength, fatigue resistance, and lightweight. However, because of the deformation coordination of different layers of FMLs, challenges have been faced in rapid and small part forming. To research the feasibility of the fast forming of small parts using the FMLs, the influence of different compositions of FMLs on the stamping performance under the semi-solidified process condition was investigated, including the outer aluminum layer, the fiber lay-up direction in the middle layer, and the various states of the resin. Based on the results of Finite-element simulation and experiments, the semi-solidified process can improve the forming performance of FMLs by making the thickness distribution of the outer aluminum layers more uniform and preventing excessive fiber deformation. The coordination of fiber lay-up direction and interlayer forces can improve the forming limit height of semi-solidified FMLs. Besides, the fracture position of the cup part is related to the fiber lay-up direction and interfacial bonding performance in FMLs. This study provides necessary guidance for the rapid stamp forming of small parts using FMLs.