Comparisons of Plant Productivity

Westlake, D. F.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1963.tb00788.x

Cited by 469 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…These rates are generally comparable to those reported for many of the species assimilating carbon by the dicarboxylic acid pathway (11). This is in qualitative agreement with productivity surveys which indicate that uncultivated cattail marshes often are as productive as intensively cultivated tropical agriculture based on sugar cane and maize (30).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…For "4CO0 assimilation experiments, leaves were preilluminated in 2 X 106 ergs cm-2 sec-l of light with their base in distilled water or a glycolate oxidase inhibitor, 0.01 M a-hydroxypyridinemethanesulfonic acid (Aldrich), for 30 For all identifications, compounds were separated by paper chromatography, identified by radioautography as verified with known standards (14), and eluted from the paper for counting with a Nuclear-Chicago model 186 decade scaler in conjunction with a D47 gas flow detector with an efficiency of 21 %. The separation techniques did not resolve glucose and sucrose, and so these compounds are reported together.…”

Section: Materials and Miethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the most efficient dry matter producers known are cattails, members of the aquatic genus, Typha (30). A brief report of the effect of oxygen upon the assimilatory efficiency of Typha angustifolia (12) suggests that this high efficiency may be associated with the ribulose-1, 5-diP pathway.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Photosynthesis and Photorespiration in Typha latifolia

McNaughton

Fullem

1970

Plant Physiol.

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NaH'4CO3 (105 Cpm) to 1.3 ml of the enzyme preparation. At intervals, 0.4-ml samples were removed and acidified with 0.1 ml of 6 N acetic acid. Controls consisted of a zero time sample that was acidified immediately upon mixing the reaction components, and a reaction mixture lacking ribulose-1, 5-diP which was acidified at the end of the experimental period. The same enzyme preparation procedure was used for phosphopyruvate carboxylase except that dithioerythritol was sometimes substituted for reduced glutathione to provide an alternative test for sulfhydryl protection. The assay system for this enzyme, after Slack and Hatch (25), contained 1.55 ,umoles of phosphopyruvate and 15 ,umoles of sodium glutamate in substitution for the ribulose-1,5-diP used above. Controls were the same. For the assay of glycolate oxidase activity, leaves were homogenized in 0.067 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) and filtered through four layers of 60 mesh cheesecloth. This homogenate was used directly in a polarographic assay (10) with the Clark electrode. The reaction was initiated by adding 10 .moles of sodium glycolate in 0.2 ml of the phosphate buffer to 2.8 ml of the enzyme preparation. Controls were samples to which no glycolate was added. Addition of the enzyme cofactor, flavin mononucleotide, was not found to be stimulatory, and this was omitted from the assay system. Reagents were from Sigma.For "4CO0 assimilation experiments, leaves were preilluminated in 2 X 106 ergs cm-2 sec-l of light with their base in distilled water or a glycolate oxidase inhibitor, 0.01 M a-hydroxypyridinemethanesulfonic acid (Aldrich), for 30 min prior to release of "4CO2 by the acidification of a bicarbonate solution. Carbon dioxide concentration was 370 ,ul liter-' after addition of bicarbonate, to eliminate artifacts arising from high CO2 concentrations. Following 10 min of photosynthesis with water or 20 min with the inhibitor, the leaves were killed with boiling 80%-ethanol. In the controls, 1.8 AC of "CO, were used. In the experiments with inhibitor, 2.02 ,C of "CO2 were used. The different time periods and specific radioactivities of "CO2 were used to assure that approximately the same amount of radioactivity would be recovered from chromatograms of both treatments without overloading with plant extracts. Total cpm recovered from chromatograms per g of leaf extracted were 43,200 + 21,600 (0.95 confidence interval) for the water controls and 53,600 + 8,300 for experiments in inhibitor. For

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Materials and Miethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthesis and Photorespiration in Typha latifolia

McNaughton

Fullem

1970

Plant Physiol.

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“…The observed value of 0-74 g m^^ d"^ was much less than the above reports. The annual net production of the submerged zone was 179 g m~', compared to 400-700 g m " for submerged communities in UK (Westlake, 1963) and 628 g m~^ in Gujar lake in India (Verma, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of nutrients in water with biomass and nutrient accumulation of submerged macrophytes of a tropical wetland

Shardendu

Ambasht

1991

New Phytologist

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SUMMARVThe paper describes monthly hiomass, seasonal and annual net primary productivity and monthly and seasonal nutrient content of four submerged macrophytes in a lentic wetland situated in the campus of Banaras Hindu University. The seasonal variation of six nutrients (NO3 -N, PO,"-?, K, Ca, Mg, Na) in water is described and their mean concentrations used in multiple regression equations to examine the relationship between nutrients in water, plant biomass and nutrient accumulation in plant body. Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton crispus L., P. pectinatus L. and Aponogeton natans (L.) Engle and Krause are the constituent species. Plants show rapid growth in post-monsoon and pre-winter months. All the four species showed biomass accumulation in the rainy season. The highest rate of production in the submerged zone was 0 73 g m~^ d"' and the mmimum was 0-29 g m"^ d"'. Maximum annual production of any species was 69 g m"" in P. pectinatus. In all the four species the nutrient concentration decreased in the following order: calcium > nitrogen > potassium > magnesium > sodium > phosphorus. Seasonal variation of nutrient content was dependent on the period of germination, growth and development of the species. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher in the season of growth of particular species and calcium was higher when plants matured. There was no definite trend for sodium, though magnesium varied with species. Uptake and accumulation of nutrients in submerged plants largely depend upon nutrient concentration of water, except nitrogen which was also dependent on biomas change. Sources of nutrient for plants are both sediment and water. Translocation of potassium from the overlying water to the mud by Hydrilla plants is possible as there is reduction in potassium concentration of water around Hydrtlla.

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“…Au début de l'expérience le nombre de plants a doublé en 12 jours ce qui est tout a fait cohérent avec les données de PENFOUND (1956), BOCK (1969) WESTLAKE (1963,1975) et SCULTHORPE (1967. Sous le climat aride de Marrakech, la période de croissance des jacinthes d'eau a duré 9 mois alors qu'elle a été de 10 mois sous climat subtropical (WOLVERTON et MC DONALD, 1979).…”

Section: Biomasse Macrophytiqueunclassified

Essais d'épuration des eaux usées de Marrakech par la jacinthe d'eau (Charges organique, bactérienne et parasitologique)

Mandi¹,

Darley²,

Barbe³

et al. 2005

rseau

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Cette étude est destinée à tester expérimentalement les capacités d'épuration des eaux usées par lagunage à macrophytes (jacinthe d'eau : Eichhornia crassipes), sous les conditions climatiques de Marrakech.L'installation fonctionne en continu avec un débit constant à l'entrée de 10 l/min. La charge admise est de 40 g DCO/M2/j.Sous l'aspect de la production de biomasse végétale, les effluents domestiques constituent un bon substrat nutritionnel. Les taux de croissance et les productions obtenues montrent dans l'ensemble une excellent adaptation d'Eichhornia crassipesà ce milieu. Le maximum de biomasse et de productivité ont été obtenu en période estivale et sont respectivement de: 40 kg MF/m2 et 38,6 MS/m2/j. Il s'est avéré également que la jacinthe d'eau est persistante toute l'année sous le climat méditerranéen aride de Marrakech.L'épuration des eaux usées domestiques par lagunage à macrophyles aboutit à des rendements satisfaisants surtout en période estivale où on obtient un abattement de 87 % de la DCO et une réduction de 95 % des MEST.Sur te plan sanitaire, l'abattement de la charge bactérienne exprimée par les bactéries témoins de contamination fécale peut atteindre jusqu'à 2ULog pour un temps de séjour théorique très court (7 jours).Ce système e par ailleurs fourni des abattement de 100 % des oeufs d'helminthes parasites au niveau de l'eau épurée.The aim of the present study is to experimentaly test the capacities of the mater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in order to purify wastewater under Manakesh climatic conditions.The experiment was carried al wastewater spreading zone of Marrakesh pretraitement.The experimant's installation is made of two lined water yacinth ponds that receive domestic wastewater.The proposed process is a continuous system with a constant flow rate of 10 l/mn. The theoritical retention time was estimated to 7 days. The allowed load is 40 g COD/m2/day. Macrophytic biomass was observed for both ponds during the experimental period (Match, 1986 - February, 1987). Parameters of organic, bacterial and parasitological loads are studied in order to determine the system efficiency under arid climate.Obtained results show the water hyacinth ability to adapt to Marrakesh climatic conditions. The number of plants doubled at 12 days, this is coherent with results obtained by PENFOUND (1956), BOCK (1969), WESTLAKE (1963, 1975) and SCULTHORPE (1967). Maximum biomass level and productivity were achieved during the summer period : 40 kg WW/m2/day and 38,6 g DW/m2/day respectively. Biomass and productivity obtained under arid climate are similar to results obtained by WOOTEN and DODD (1976), and by DINGES (1976) under subtropical conditions, and higher than chose obtained by JOHN (1985) under temperate climate. The growth period of water hyacinth is estimated to 9 months at Marrakesh, 10 months at subtropical climate (WOLVERTON and MC DONALD, 1976) and limited to 6 months under cold climate (COPELLI et al., 1982; DUBOIS, 1983; SAUZE, 1983; DE CASABIANCA, 1985). Temperature is considered as a limit...

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Comparisons of Plant Productivity

Cited by 469 publications

References 81 publications

Photosynthesis and Photorespiration in Typha latifolia

Photosynthesis and Photorespiration in Typha latifolia

Relationship of nutrients in water with biomass and nutrient accumulation of submerged macrophytes of a tropical wetland

Essais d'épuration des eaux usées de Marrakech par la jacinthe d'eau (Charges organique, bactérienne et parasitologique)

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