Comparisons of pathogenic course of two Heliothis virescens ascovirus isolates (HvAV-3i and HvAV-3j) in four noctuid (Lepidoptera) pest species

Yang, Chang‐Jin; Ren, Guanghao; Du, Xing-Xing; Li, Shiwei; Qian, Yu-Rui; Huang, Guo‐Hua; Yu, Huan

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2022.107734

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated changes in detoxification enzyme activities and phenoloxidase during ascovirus infection. 10,27 Moreover, virus-induced oxidative stress has a vital role, although the antioxidation reaction induced by ascovirus has not yet been studied. In response to ROS generation induced by viruses, host insects activate their antioxidative defense system for their own protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight into the regulation of the Nrf2 pathway in response to ascovirus infection in Spodoptera exigua

Jin

Xiao

Nakai

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Ascoviruses are a type of entomopathogenic microorganism with high biological pest control potential and are expected to contribute to the natural control of lepidopteran pests. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying the biocidal activity of ascovirus on its host insects remains limited.RESULTS: In this study, the relative enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, as well as the expression level of Spodoptera exigua peroxidase (SePOD), were found to be significantly increased at 6 h post infection with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h). H 2 O 2 accumulation and enhanced expression of NADPH Oxidase (SeNOX) were also observed. In addition, Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (SeNrf2) and muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (SeMaf) were overexpressed following infection with HvAV-3h. Silencing of SeNrf2 decreased the expression of SePOD, whereas the mortality of SeNrf2-silenced larvae and viral genome copy number also increased. Further RNA interference of SeNOX significantly decreased expression of SeNrf2 and SePOD and therefore increased the mortality and viral genome copy number of the ascovirus-infected host.CONCLUSION: The HvAV-3h activated Nrf2/ARE pathway of S. exigua and reactive oxygen species were found to respond to ascovirus infection by regulating alterations in antioxidant enzyme genes mediated by the host Nrf2/ARE pathway. These findings enhance our knowledge of ascovirus-host interactions and lay the foundation for the application of ascoviruses in biological pest control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated changes in detoxification enzyme activities and phenoloxidase during ascovirus infection 10,27 . Moreover, virus‐induced oxidative stress has a vital role, although the antioxidation reaction induced by ascovirus has not yet been studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the regulation of the Nrf2 pathway in response to ascovirus infection in Spodoptera exigua

Jin

Xiao

Nakai

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…Compared to baculoviruses, which are well-known class of insect virus, ascoviruses have a relatively broad host spectra, as baculoviruses usually only infect one or several closely related insect larval species ( 11 – 14 ), whereas ascoviruses, especially the species Heliothis virescens ascovirus (HvAV), can infect several families of insect larvae ( 15 – 17 ). One ascovirus isolate, in particular, showed significant differences in its pathogenesis of different host larvae during long-term laboratory tests ( 17 , 18 ), which highlights that the prolonged survival times for ascoviruses show wide levels of variation across the different host larval species. There were also significant differences in the pathogenesis of the host larvae species infected with different ascovirus isolates, even though the isolates belonged to HvAV, and they shared >90% genomic similarity ( 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One ascovirus isolate, in particular, showed significant differences in its pathogenesis of different host larvae during long-term laboratory tests ( 17 , 18 ), which highlights that the prolonged survival times for ascoviruses show wide levels of variation across the different host larval species. There were also significant differences in the pathogenesis of the host larvae species infected with different ascovirus isolates, even though the isolates belonged to HvAV, and they shared >90% genomic similarity ( 18 ). One possible reason why these phenomena have not been widely reported for other viruses is that the host ranges of other viruses are not as wide as that of the ascoviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The transmission of ascoviruses in the field, as previously noted, predominantly depends on the oviposition behavior of parasitic wasps. This means that ascoviruses are pathogenic microorganisms with a relatively low infection dosage ( 18 ), that is, it only requires a few virus particles to accomplish the initial infection, and this results in the host larval hemolymph being filled with mature ascovirus progeny and changes the color of the hemolymph to a milky white. As only a few ascoviruses are required for the initial infection, when they are faced with a unified host selection pressure during infection, the “adaptive changes” made by the virus are relatively uniform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible changes to the Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) virion components affect pathogenicity against different host larvae species

Yu,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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The pathogenicity of a virus to a specific host species is an inerratic and describable ability of a virus to cause infection but is generally shaped by a variety of abiotic and biotic factors. In this investigation, the variations in pathogenicity of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) to five noctuid pests were assessed based on mass spectrometry analysis on the virion compositions. Twenty-nine common HvAV-3h proteins were shared across all hosts, and different flexible proteins were identified in the virions of each specific host. Different host proteins were identified as HvAV-3h virion-associated proteins, including different detoxification enzyme proteins. Furthermore, a relatively fixed relationship between viral replication and changes in host detoxification enzyme activity caused by deficiencies in various viral structural proteins was found in the host larvae using a correlation matrix analysis: the host larval carboxylesterase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases generally had highly similar responses to the viruses blocked by different structural proteins’ antisera and their effects on viral DNA replication. Different interaction patterns for the virion structural proteins were found in different host larvae-produced virions, and the interactions between Spodoptera litura glutathione S-transferases and viral structural proteins were confirmed. The different host responses after viral infection could be the reason for the changes in viral pathogenicity, while the virus responses gradually adapted to the different hosts and there were flexible changes in the virion structures. IMPORTANCE Different pathogenic processes of a virus in different hosts are related to the host individual differences, which makes the virus undergoes different survival pressures. Here, we found that the virions of an insect virus, Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h), had different protein composition when they were purified from different host larval species. These “adaptive changes” of the virions were analyzed in detail in this study, which mainly included the differences of the protein composition of virions and the differences in affinity between virions and different host proteins. The results of this study revealed the flexible changes of viruses to help themselves adapt to different hosts. Also, these interesting findings can provide new insights to improve our understanding of virus adaptability and virulence differentiation caused by the adaptation process.

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Expressional respones of hsp70 genes against abiotic and entomopathgenic stresses in four different noctuid larval species (Lepidoptera: Noctidae)

Shi,

Zhai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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Comparisons of pathogenic course of two Heliothis virescens ascovirus isolates (HvAV-3i and HvAV-3j) in four noctuid (Lepidoptera) pest species

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Insight into the regulation of the Nrf2 pathway in response to ascovirus infection in Spodoptera exigua

Insight into the regulation of the Nrf2 pathway in response to ascovirus infection in Spodoptera exigua

Flexible changes to the Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) virion components affect pathogenicity against different host larvae species

Expressional respones of hsp70 genes against abiotic and entomopathgenic stresses in four different noctuid larval species (Lepidoptera: Noctidae)

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