Comparisons of P300s from Standard Oddball and Omitted Paradigms: Implications to Exogenous/Endogenous Contributions

McCullagh, Jennifer; Weihing, Jeffrey; Musiek, Frank E.

doi:10.3766/jaaa.20.3.5

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The novel hybrid BCI paradigm proposed in this study is based on simultaneous elicitation of SSVEP and OSP using repetitive visual stimuli with missing events. As suggested in previous studies, OSP is one type of P300 that elicited with omitted-stimulus paradigm [ 14 , 56 ]. Here, we use “OSP” rather than “P300” for differentiation because most studies developed P300-based BCI based on oddball paradigm [ 5 , 8 , 21 – 24 , 34 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Toward a hybrid brain-computer interface based on repetitive visual stimuli with missing events

Wang

2016

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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BackgroundSteady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) can be elicited by repetitive stimuli and extracted in the frequency domain with satisfied performance. However, the temporal information of such stimulus is often ignored. In this study, we utilized repetitive visual stimuli with missing events to present a novel hybrid BCI paradigm based on SSVEP and omitted stimulus potential (OSP).MethodsFour discs flickering from black to white with missing flickers served as visual stimulators to simultaneously elicit subject’s SSVEPs and OSPs. Key parameters in the new paradigm, including flicker frequency, optimal electrodes, missing flicker duration and intervals of missing events were qualitatively discussed with offline data. Two omitted flicker patterns including missing black/white disc were proposed and compared. Averaging times were optimized with Information Transfer Rate (ITR) in online experiments, where SSVEPs and OSPs were identified using Canonical Correlation Analysis in the frequency domain and Support Vector Machine (SVM)-Bayes fusion in the time domain, respectively.Results and conclusionsThe online accuracy and ITR (mean ± standard deviation) over nine healthy subjects were 79.29 ± 18.14 % and 19.45 ± 11.99 bits/min with missing black disc pattern, and 86.82 ± 12.91 % and 24.06 ± 10.95 bits/min with missing white disc pattern, respectively. The proposed BCI paradigm, for the first time, demonstrated that SSVEPs and OSPs can be simultaneously elicited in single visual stimulus pattern and recognized in real-time with satisfied performance. Besides the frequency features such as SSVEP elicited by repetitive stimuli, we found a new feature (OSP) in the time domain to design a novel hybrid BCI paradigm by adding missing events in repetitive stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Toward a hybrid brain-computer interface based on repetitive visual stimuli with missing events

Wang

2016

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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“…The effect of stimulus omissions on electro-cortical event related potentials during oddball paradigms was intensively investigated. While the first studies showed that a P300 is produced when omitting any external stimulation (Stapleton & Halgren, 1987), later studies revealed lower amplitudes, poorer morphology and higher thresholds for the P300 to be elicited (McCullagh et al, 2009). The latter concluded that the P300 has an endogenous (internal or cognitive) component, which however is optimized when an external event is presented.…”

Section: Discussion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, other processes might have an additional impact on the modulation following sensory input, e.g. memory-comparison processes (Donchin & Coles, 1988;Jacobsen & Schröger, 2001) and decision making processes (McCullagh et al, 2009) have been suggested to play a role. Given the interaction between blinking and cognition, and the influence of blinks on brain activity (Bonfiglio et al, 2009;Liu, Ghosh Hajra, Cheung, Song, & D'Arcy, 2017), we advise caution in carelessly classifying blinks as artifacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, even the absence of a stimulus during a sequence can affect the event-related potential. Such an influence which is not based on sensory input suggests that within a novelty oddball paradigm endogenous (top-down) and exogenous (bottom-up) contributions are distinguishable (McCullagh, Weihing, & Musiek, 2009). Following these neurophysiological results, researchers investigated the changes in eye movements like pupil responses and microsaccades during oddball tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Disentangling top-down and bottom-up influences on blinks in the visual and auditory domain

Brych

Händel

2020

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Converse to the auditory N1 and P2, the auditory P300 has long been known to be an endogenous potential and has the ability to establish the cognitive aspects of processing auditory stimuli (Sutton et al, 1965;Goodin et al, 1983;Squires and Hecox, 1983;Kibbe-Michal et al, 1986). It should be noted, however, evidence exists to support contributions that are exogenous in nature as well McCullagh et al, 2009). The P300 is elicited using an oddball paradigm, and the listener must make a decision regarding the stimuli to produce a response (Sutton et al, 1965;, and P300 latencies are extended as the complexity of the task becomes more challenging (Polich, 1987;Gaál et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory P300 in Noise in Younger and Older Adults

McCullagh

Shinn

2018

J Am Acad Audiol

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Older adults often report difficulty hearing in background noise which is not completely attributable to peripheral hearing loss. Although age-related declines in cognition and hearing in background noise occur, the underlying age-related changes in processing of auditory stimuli in background noise has yet to be fully understood. The auditory P300 has the potential to elucidate the effects of age on auditory and cognitive processing of stimuli in background noise, but additional research is warranted.The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in cognitive processing of auditory stimuli by evoking the auditory P300 at multiple signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).A two-group, repeated measures study design was used.A convenience sample of 35 participants, 15 older adults (mean age of 66.4 yr) and 20 younger adults (mean age of 21.1 yr), participated in the study. All participants had negative otologic and neurological histories.The auditory P300 was evoked using an oddball paradigm with 500 (frequent) and 1000 Hz (target) tonal stimuli in quiet and in the presence of background noise at +20, +10, and 0 SNRs. P300 amplitudes and latencies were measured in each condition for every participant. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted for the amplitude and latency measures of the P300 for each group.Results from this study demonstrated P300 latencies were significantly longer in older adults in noise at the most challenging condition (0 SNR) compared with the quiet condition and between the +10 SNR and 0 SNR conditions. Although older adults had significantly longer P300 latencies compared with younger adults, no significant group by listening condition interaction existed. No significant P300 amplitude differences were found for group, noise, or group × listening condition interactions.Results provide evidence that auditory cortical processing, regardless of age, is poorer at more difficult SNRs. However, results also demonstrate that older adults perform significantly poorer than younger adults. This supports the notion that some degree of age-related decline in synchronous firing and rate of transmission of the auditory cortical neurons contributing to the auditory P300 exists. Studies are needed to further understand the impact of noise on auditory cortical processing across populations.

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Comparisons of P300s from Standard Oddball and Omitted Paradigms: Implications to Exogenous/Endogenous Contributions

Abstract: These results suggest that the auditory P300 could have a larger exogenous component than traditionally thought.

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Toward a hybrid brain-computer interface based on repetitive visual stimuli with missing events

Toward a hybrid brain-computer interface based on repetitive visual stimuli with missing events

Disentangling top-down and bottom-up influences on blinks in the visual and auditory domain

Auditory P300 in Noise in Younger and Older Adults

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