Comparisons of mescal bean alkaloids with mescaline, Δ9 - THC and other psychotogens

Bourn, W.M.; Keller, William J.; Bonfiglio, J.F.

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(79)90590-3

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Rotorod Testing. Male Swiss-Webster mice, weighing 25-35 g, were placed on a 2.8 cm diameter X 16 cm long wooden rod rotating at 5 rpm (Bourn et al, 1978;Bourn et al, 1979). After a 30-min training period, six animals per treatment group were injected intraperitoneally with either a solution of normal saline (control), alkaloid extract hydrochloride in saline (300 mg/kg), or isolated alkaloids in saline (300 mg/kg of gramodendrine, 200 mg/kg of ammodendrine hydrochloride, or 100 mg/kg of lusitanine).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locomotor Activity. Disturbance of an electromagnetic field by individual male Swiss-Webster mice (25-35 g) in cages within the monitor system resulted in voltage pulses proportional in magnitude to animal motor activity (Bourn et al, 1978;Bourn et al, 1979). Disturbances were counted with electronic counters and activity was measured as counts per min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identification of toxic alkaloids from the calcaratus subspecies of Lupinus arbustus

Hatfield¹,

Yang²,

Ferguson³

et al. 1985

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of toxic alkaloids from the calcaratus subspecies of Lupinus arbustus

Hatfield¹,

Yang²,

Ferguson³

et al. 1985

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Cunha & Masur, 1978Guest & Consroe, 1979Higgins et al, 2021Kiilerich et al, 2019Kirsten & Bernardi, 2010Schlemmer & Davis, 1986Sink et al, 1983Trulson et al, 1981Trulson et al, 1984Tyls et al, 2016 Motor Coordination N = 5 Dose-dependent effect on discoordination with no effect at lower doses and discoordination at very doses. Bourn et al, 1978Bourn et al, 1979Horibe, 1974Schneider, 1968Trulson et al, 1977 Prepulse Inhibition N = 5…”

Section: N=4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural Investigations of Psilocybin in Animals 1962-2021: A Scoping Review

Shore,

Dobson,

Thomson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background and Aims: Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug that may hold promise for a wide range of human health conditions, yet the identification of therapeutic processes and mechanisms of action remains exploratory. We conducted a scoping review on pre-clinical behavioural investigations of psilocybin in non-human animals to help determine the behavioural effects of psilocybin in non-human animals, to identify studies completed, behavioural tests employed, and what dosing modalities had been studied. Methods: A librarian-conducted literature search was performed using predefined key terms and search criteria and additional searching was conducted by reviewers, using electronic databases, grey literature sources, and reference lists of relevant articles or reviews. The final search updated occurred in October, 2021. Studies were reviewed, screened and selected against an a priori protocol using Covidence software by multiple reviewers with results plotted across the Research Domains Criteria construct. Results: From 4124 records identified by database searching, 260 publications were subjected to full-text review with 77 studies included in this scoping review, published between 1962-2021. The preponderance of studies (n=64) investigated behavioural outcomes in rodents. Only 43 studies (55.8%) reported on housing conditions, and seventeen studies (22.1%) failed to report sample size. All studies reported behavioural outcomes following drug administration, with fifty-one studies (66.2%) using psilocybin, thirty studies (42.9%) psilocin, four studies (5.2%) administering whole mushroom extracts (WME), and a further eight studies investigating both psilocybin and psilocin and one study reporting the effects of both psilocin and WME. One hundred and thirty distinct behavioural investigations using fifty different behavioral paradigms were identified. Few adverse events were reported, and even exceedingly high doses were apparently well tolerated. Conclusion: With seventy-seven publications spanning close to sixty years, there is huge variation in study design and quality. Overall psilocybin presents a unique and strong safety profile with no evidence of biological toxicity, is characterized by unique time and dose-dependent effects, and its pattern of drug action is significantly context and training-sensitive. Data suggest putative effects of psilocybin include acute arousal, dose-dependent sedation, reductions in fear conditioning at low doses, reduced aggression, improved valence, acute disruption of working memory, the rescuing of deficits from chronic stress, and improved learning when combined with repeated environmental exposure after resolution of drug effect. Keywords: psilocybin, psychedelic, non-human animal research, scoping review, behavioural research, Research Domains Criteria.

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“…7 However, there are no well -documented human studies that demonstrate hallucinogenic effects following the ingestion of these alkaloids at concentrations found in the mescal bean. 7 However, there are no well -documented human studies that demonstrate hallucinogenic effects following the ingestion of these alkaloids at concentrations found in the mescal bean.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mescal Bean [Sophora secundiflora(Ortega) Lagasca ex DC.]

Barceloux

2008

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances

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Comparisons of mescal bean alkaloids with mescaline, Δ9 - THC and other psychotogens

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of toxic alkaloids from the calcaratus subspecies of Lupinus arbustus

Identification of toxic alkaloids from the calcaratus subspecies of Lupinus arbustus

Behavioural Investigations of Psilocybin in Animals 1962-2021: A Scoping Review

Mescal Bean [Sophora secundiflora(Ortega) Lagasca ex DC.]

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