Comparisons of maximum deformation and failure forces at the implant–abutment interface of titanium implants between titanium-alloy and zirconia abutments with two levels of marginal bone loss

Abstract

BackgroundZirconia materials are known for their optimal aesthetics, but they are brittle, and concerns remain about whether their mechanical properties are sufficient for withstanding the forces exerted in the oral cavity. Therefore, this study compared the maximum deformation and failure forces of titanium implants between titanium-alloy and zirconia abutments under oblique compressive forces in the presence of two levels of marginal bone loss.MethodsTwenty implants were divided into Groups A and B, with simulated bone losses of 3.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Groups A and B were also each divided into two subgroups with five implants each: (1) titanium implants connected to titanium-alloy abutments and (2) titanium implants connected to zirconia abutments. The maximum deformation and failure forces of each sample was determined using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test.ResultsThe mean maximum deformation and failure forces obtained the subgroups were as follows: A1 (simulated bone loss of 3.0 mm, titanium-alloy abutment) = 540.6 N and 656.9 N, respectively; A2 (simulated bone loss of 3.0 mm, zirconia abutment) = 531.8 N and 852.7 N; B1 (simulated bone loss of 1.5 mm, titanium-alloy abutment) = 1070.9 N and 1260.2 N; and B2 (simulated bone loss of 1.5 mm, zirconia abutment) = 907.3 N and 1182.8 N. The maximum deformation force differed significantly between Groups B1 and B2 but not between Groups A1 and A2. The failure force did not differ between Groups A1 and A2 or between Groups B1 and B2. The maximum deformation and failure forces differed significantly between Groups A1 and B1 and between Groups A2 and B2.ConclusionsBased on this experimental study, the maximum deformation and failure forces are lower for implants with a marginal bone loss of 3.0 mm than of 1.5 mm. Zirconia abutments can withstand physiological occlusal forces applied in the anterior region.

Influence of Abutment Design on Stress Distribution in Narrow Implants with Marginal Bone Loss: A Finite Element Analysis

“…In implants with a vertical peri-implant bone loss of 3.0 mm, higher maximum and minimum principal stresses were recorded than in those with a loss of 1.3 mm, and the maximum equivalent stresses ranged between 130 and 208 MPa, 28 in parallel with the results of the present study. According to Wang et al, 29 the maximum deformation forces are lower for implants connected to titanium-alloy abutments, with a marginal bone resorption of 3 mm compared with 1.5 mm, as they can resist forces up to 540.6 N and 1,070.9 N, respectively. [AU: Editing okay?]…”

Effect of Loading Angles and Implant Lengths on the Static and Fatigue Fractures of Dental Implants

“…It is repeatable and can compare and analyse the mechanical response of implants of different designs under the same load conditions [ 8 ]. When investigating the effects of size, material and external loads, the same implant system is usually chosen for comparison purposes [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. To analyse the impact of the implant length on the damage strength, the same abutment and abutment screw were selected throughout the analysis.…”

Accelerated Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation on Zirconia with Surface Grooves Created with Fiber Laser Irradiation

“…Zirconia ceramics have been shown to have biological compatibility similar to that of titanium in vitro and in vivo . Zirconia is a potential biomaterial that is superior to titanium because of zirconia's lower elution of metal ions, which could lower the risk for allergic reaction, and because of its excellent mechanical strength and its satisfactory color tone . Given these advantages, zirconia ceramics have already been used in abutments and dental restorative materials, and are very attractive as a next‐generation material for implant bodies .…”

“…18 Zirconia is a potential biomaterial that is superior to titanium because of zirconia's lower elution of metal ions, 19 which could lower the risk for allergic reaction, 20,21 and because of its excellent mechanical strength and its satisfactory color tone. 22,23 Given these advantages, zirconia ceramics have already been used in abutments and dental restorative materials, and are very attractive as a next-generation material for implant bodies. 24 Thus, detailed examination of the surface characteristics of zirconia implants is necessary for clinical application.…”