Comparisons of Late Ordovician ecosystem dynamics before and after the Richmondian invasion reveal consequences of invasive species in benthic marine paleocommunities

Kempf, Hannah L.; Castro, Ian O.; Dineen, Ashley A.; Tyler, Carrie L.; Roopnarine, Peter D.

doi:10.1017/pab.2020.26

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Past studies of the overall Richmondian Invasion have found that interspecific competition was an important factor in Cincinnatian brachiopod communities (Tyler and Leighton 2011). The fauna of the Cincinnati Sea experienced elevated levels of niche partitioning (Patzkowsky and Holland 2007), niche evolution (Malizia and Stigall 2011; Brame and Stigall 2014), and food web restructuring (Kempf et al 2020) following the overall Richmondian Invasion. This study further demonstrates that these competitive interactions developed as rapid responses to the influx of invaders during a single invasion pulse, not as a gradual, cumulative process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cincinnatian strata record a regional biotic interchange known as the Richmondian Invasion which occurred through a series of pulses and introduced more than 60 novel genera into the Cincinnati Sea (Holland 1997; Stigall 2010; Lam and Stigall 2015). Numerous studies of this biotic interchange, most of which examined the entire invasion interval, have been conducted, and general ecological and evolutionary patterns have been identified (e.g., Holland and Patzkowsky 2007; Patzkowsky and Holland 2007; Malizia and Stigall 2011; Tyler and Leighton 2011; Brame and Stigall 2014; Kempf et al 2020). However, the individual pulses of the invasion have received less study (but see Schwalbach 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights for modern invasion ecology from biotic changes of the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion (Ordovician, Katian)

Forsythe

Stigall

2023

Paleobiology

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The frequency of biotic invasions in modern ecosystems is increasing due to global trade moving taxa outside their native ranges and climate change facilitating establishment of taxa in previously inhospitable regions. Thus, developing a holistic understanding of biotic invasions and how they impact ecosystems over different timescales—from annual to geologic timescales—is vital. Herein we examine a geologically brief invasion event, the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion. Prior analyses have established general ecological and evolutionary patterns across the entire Richmondian Invasion, but recent sequence stratigraphic refinement makes analysis of individual invasion pulses possible for the first time. We examine biotic change across the Clarksville Phase and identify invasion impacts on diversity, paleocommunity composition, and niche stability. Invader arrival and success was strongly linked to increased propagule pressure facilitated by sea-level changes. Invaders initially colonized deep subtidal environments and then moved offshore facilitated by rapid niche evolution during the invasion interval. Invasive taxa that attained the largest population sizes belonged to previously underutilized ecological guilds. Overall, the introduction of the invasive taxa resulted in increased diversity that was maintained into the postinvasion interval accompanied by a change in community composition in which the invaders became dominant paleocommunity members. Combined, these analyses document a biotic invasion facilitated by climate change that increased local diversity through invaders occupying underutilized ecospace and competition-related niche contraction on millennial timescales. Developing a long-term perspective to accompany shorter-term studies facilitates predicting the long-term impacts of modern invasions and creating better-informed policies and practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights for modern invasion ecology from biotic changes of the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion (Ordovician, Katian)

Forsythe

Stigall

2023

Paleobiology

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“…Primary productivity was modelled as a function of the density of herbivorous interactions [13], scaling productivity as ten times that of herbivore richness in accordance with general assimilation efficiency between trophic levels (e.g. [14,15]). Differences between pre-and post-extinction stability and resistance would also suggest that trophic restructuring occurred, altering palaeocommunity stability.…”

Section: (E) Modelling Of Palaeocommunity Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Successive analyses of trophic structure over deep time can be employed to assess important ecological questions. Recently developed food web models are a powerful tool for exploring and quantifying community dynamics, simulating how the structures of modern [9][10][11][12] and ancient [7,[13][14][15][16][17] communities influence their responses to perturbations. Therefore, we provide results from cascading extinction on graphs (CEG) modelling [13] of terrestrial ecosystems to quantify community resistance during the G-L, P-Tr and T-J transitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological dynamics of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems across three mid-Phanerozoic mass extinctions from northwest China

et al. 2021

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The Earth has been beset by many crises during its history, and yet comparing the ecological impacts of these mass extinctions has been difficult. Key questions concern the kinds of species that go extinct and survive, how communities rebuild in the post-extinction recovery phase, and especially how the scaling of events affects these processes. Here, we explore ecological impacts of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in three mass extinctions through the mid-Phanerozoic, a span of 121 million years (295–174 Ma). This critical duration encompasses the largest mass extinction of all time, the Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) and is flanked by two smaller crises, the Guadalupian–Lopingian (G–L) and Triassic–Jurassic (T–J) mass extinctions. Palaeocommunity dynamics modelling of 14 terrestrial and freshwater communities through a long sedimentary succession from the lower Permian to the lower Jurassic in northern Xinjiang, northwest China, shows that the P–Tr mass extinction differed from the other two in two ways: (i) ecological recovery from this extinction was prolonged and the three post-extinction communities in the Early Triassic showed low stability and highly variable and unpredictable responses to perturbation primarily following the huge losses of species, guilds and trophic space; and (ii) the G–L and T–J extinctions were each preceded by low-stability communities, but post-extinction recovery was rapid. Our results confirm the uniqueness of the P–Tr mass extinction and shed light on the trophic structure and ecological dynamics of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems across the three mid-Phanerozoic extinctions, and how complex communities respond to environmental stress and how communities recovered after the crisis. Comparisons with the coeval communities from the Karoo Basin, South Africa show that geographically and compositionally different communities of terrestrial ecosystems were affected in much the same way by the P–Tr extinction.

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“…While coarse, this approach reduces issues associated with finer delineations of traits, particularly when considering extinct organisms. As in modern assemblages (e.g., (Eklöf et al 2013)), functional trait data have been used to consider ancient food web structure (e.g., (Kempf et al 2020)), on the basis that functional ecology is connected to trophic interactions and food web structure (e.g., (Eklöf et al 2013; Cirtwill and Eklöf 2018)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for reconstructing ancient food webs using functional trait data

Shaw,

Dunhill,

Beckerman

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Food webs provide quantitative insights into the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. Previous work has shown their utility in understanding community responses to modern and ancient perturbations, including anthropogenic change and mass extinctions. However, few ancient food webs have been reconstructed due to difficulties assessing trophic interactions amongst extinct species derived from an incomplete fossil record.We present and assess the Paleo Food web Inference Model (PFIM). PFIM uses functional trait data—predictive of interactions in modern ecosystems and commonly available for fossil organisms—to reconstruct ancient food webs. We test the model by (i) applying it to four modern ecosystems with empirical constrained food webs to directly compare PFIM-constructed networks to their empirical counterparts, (ii) by carefully comparing discrepancies between PFIM-inferred and empirical webs in one of those systems, and (iii) by comparing networks describing feasible trophic interactions (“feasible webs”) with networks to which we superimpose characteristic interaction distributions derived from modern theory (“realized webs”). As a proof of concept, we then apply the method to faunal data from two Cambrian fossil deposits to reconstruct ancient trophic systems.PFIM-inferred feasible food webs successfully predict ∼70% of trophic interactions across four modern systems. Furthermore, inferred food webs with enforced interaction distributions (i.e., realized webs) accurately predict ∼90% of interactions. Comparisons with a global database of trophic interactions and other food web models, suggest that under sampling of empirical webs accounts for up to 21% of the remaining differences between PFIM and empirical food webs.Food webs can be reasonably approximated by inferring trophic interactions based upon life habit traits. This study provides the foundation to use trait-based inference models across the fossil record to examine ancient food webs and community evolution.

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Comparisons of Late Ordovician ecosystem dynamics before and after the Richmondian invasion reveal consequences of invasive species in benthic marine paleocommunities

Cited by 7 publications

References 106 publications

Insights for modern invasion ecology from biotic changes of the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion (Ordovician, Katian)

Insights for modern invasion ecology from biotic changes of the Clarksville Phase of the Richmondian Invasion (Ordovician, Katian)

Ecological dynamics of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems across three mid-Phanerozoic mass extinctions from northwest China

A framework for reconstructing ancient food webs using functional trait data

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