Comparisons of Gas-Phase Temperature Measurements in a Flame Using Thin-Filament Pyrometry and Thermocouples

Struk, Peter M.; Dietrich, Daniel L.; Valentine, R. W.; Feier, Ioan I.

doi:10.2514/6.2003-853

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Others too have used cooled CCD cameras for TFP, such as a 330 × 1100 pixel 16 bit camera [17], but these cameras are costly and have limited pixel counts. A consumergrade digital still camera with 1712 × 1368 pixels addressed the cost issue, but was limited to 8 bits and was used only for qualitative TFP [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Thin-filament pyrometry with a digital still camera

2007

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A novel thin-filament pyrometer is presented here. It involves a consumer-grade color digital still camera with a charged-couple device sensor with 3008 × 2000 pixels and 12 bits per color plane. A blue Schott filter and custom white balance were used to yield similar red, green and blue intensities along the fibers. SiCO fibers with diameters of 13.9 µm were used and scanning-electron microscopy revealed the fibers to be uniform. Measurements were performed in a methane/air coflowing laminar jet diffusion flame with a luminosity length of 72 mm. Calibration of the pyrometer was accomplished with B-type thermocouple measurements. The camera was found to be well suited to thin-filament pyrometry. The pyrometry measurements yielded gas temperatures in the range of 1350 -2200 K with an estimated uncertainty of ± 60 K, a relative temperature resolution of ± 0.215 K, a spatial resolution of 42 µm and a temporal resolution of 0.66 ms. Fiber aging had no effect on the results. Soot deposition was less problematic for the pyrometer than for the thermocouple. THIN-FILAMENT PYROMETRY WITH A DIGITAL STILL CAMERA

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confidence: 99%

Thin-filament pyrometry with a digital still camera

2007

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“…The efficiencies of milk yield (milk yield/DMI) were significantly (p<0.05) differed compare to control group, although the milk yield was significantly less in T 3 (30 percent DM) group compared to T 2 (20 percent DM). Valentine and Wickes (2003) [13] found a significant increase in amounts of milk yield and percent of milk protein and solids not fat when they fed on different levels of dried brewers' grains (2.4, 4.8, 7.2) kg in experimental diets as comparison to control group and also, they did not find any significant effect on milk composition at 15% dried brewers' grains in dairy cow's rations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lactation performance of dairy buffaloes fed with wet brewer’s grain

2024

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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A study was conducted to find out the feeding value of brewer's grain on milk production and economics of dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) at farmer's field in Tiruppur district of Tamil Nadu. India. Wet brewers' grain (WBG) is low cost used in animal nutrition and due to its high fiber content, especially in cattle and buffaloes. The experiment was carried out under completely randomized block design. Sixty lactating non-descript buffalo were randomly selected for three treatment groups with four replicates and five buffaloes each. The nutrient requirements calculated were according to Indian Council Agriculture Research (1998) and experimental feeds were formulated dietary inclusion Brewer's grain 0% (T1 Control group) 10% (T2) and 20% (T3) ration dry matter replacing the buffalo feed experimental diet were fed with the buffalo feed twice daily, in the morning and in the afternoon before milking. Required green fodder was fed four times a day to avoid wastage of feed. Data on milk yield of individual animal was recorded daily throughout the experimental period. Milk samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and were analyzed for total solids, fat and solid not fat (SNF). The result showed that there was highly significant (p<0.01) increase on milk yield (kg per day) when brewers grain was included in the buffalo ration at 20 percent DM replacing cattle feed dry matter quantity proportionately compared to other rations (T1 and T3). Non-significant (p<0.01) changes were recorded in milk Fat (%), solid not fat (%) and total solids (%) of milk between treatment groups. The efficiencies of milk yield (milk yield/DMI) were significantly (p<0.05) differed compare to control group and T2 group compared to T3 The income over feed cost (Rs/animal/day) was significantly more for T3 group.

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“…The current literature is replete with various methods, both intrusive and non-intrusive, for the measurement of temperature. The most widely applied among the intrusive methods is the use of physical instruments, such as thermocouples or gas-sampling probes [3][4][5][6][7]. These probes have clear-cut disadvantages, such as disturbing the flow, slow response time, susceptibility to damage in a harsh environment, a limited temperature range and single point measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved temperature characterization of a hypersonic shock layer using a single high-speed color camera for aerospace design applications

Deep¹,

Krishna²,

Jagadeesh³

2019

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Two-color ratio pyrometry (TCRP) using a high-speed color camera has been used for temperature characterization of a hypersonic shock layer. The camera, used as a pyrometer, was calibrated in-house using a monochromator to determine its spectral responsivity and was used to acquire time-resolved images of the flow field over test models at a frame rate of 20 000 fps to understand the evolution of temperature inside the shock region. The optical efficiency of the monochromator and other optical equipment were determined separately and corrected for. Two test models, a flat-faced cylinder of diameter 70 mm and a hemisphere of diameter 80 mm, were used for the experiments to study the effect of geometry on the results. Experiments were performed in a free-piston-driven shock tunnel at a stagnation enthalpy of 5.2 MJ kg−1. The average steady-state temperature in the stagnation region in the cylinder was about 3650 K ± 3% (uncertainty in the shock layer due to camera noise), and for the hemisphere it was 3300 K ± 6%. The resolved temperature was 14% higher than that obtained from a similar, but time-integrated, measurement obtained using a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Steady 2D numerical simulations were performed to reconstruct the 3D flow assuming azimuthal symmetry, and an algorithm was developed to use the shape of the temperature profile along the line-of-sight (LOS) derived from simulations to predict the actual stagnation-plane temperature from the experimental LOS-integrated TCRP-derived temperature. The actual temperature in the stagnation region on the vertical plane of symmetry (stagnation plane) for the cylinder and the hemisphere were higher by 2.76% and 1.77%, respectively, than the corresponding TCRP-derived LOS-integrated temperature. The results are promising for future use in determining intense temperature gradients and heat flux in the vicinity of space vehicles and for the design of efficient thermal protection systems.

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Comparisons of Gas-Phase Temperature Measurements in a Flame Using Thin-Filament Pyrometry and Thermocouples

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Thin-filament pyrometry with a digital still camera

Thin-filament pyrometry with a digital still camera

Lactation performance of dairy buffaloes fed with wet brewer’s grain

Time-resolved temperature characterization of a hypersonic shock layer using a single high-speed color camera for aerospace design applications

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