Comparisons of activity measurements with radionuclide calibrators—A tool for quality assessment and improvement in nuclear medicine

Oropesa, P.; Hernández, A.T.; Serra, R; Varela, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.051

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the case of Cuba [29,30], a significant increase in the number of acceptable (within the 10% limits) results was observed between the trials carried out in 2000 and 2002, with the same (higher) level being maintained in a subsequent comparison in 2004. The comparisons in Cuba were carried out in the presence of the representative of the NMI, thus enabling obvious problems to be corrected in short fashion.…”

Section: National Comparisons For Clinicsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Just as proficiency testing is important for manufacturers and commercial companies supplying radiopharmaceuticals, similar exercises are helpful in detecting problems with a measurement system at the clinical level. Within the last decade, measurement comparison tests for clinics have recently been organized at the national level and reported on by NMIs in Brazil, Cuba, the Czech Republic, India, the Republic of South Korea, Switzerland and the United Kingdom [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In most cases, participation in such exercises is voluntary, although national legislation in Cuba and the Czech Republic make such tests mandatory.…”

Section: National Comparisons For Clinicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traceability in nuclear medicine

Zimmerman

Judge

2007

Metrologia

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Accurate, reproducible measurement of radioactivity in nuclear medicine applications is vital to ensure the safety and effectiveness of disease diagnosis and treatment using unsealed radioactive sources. The need to maintain a high degree of confidence in those measurements requires that they be carried out so as to be traceable to national and international standards. In addition, measurement traceability for radioactivity in medicine helps ensure international consistency in measurement at all levels of practice (national measurement laboratories, research institutions, isotope producers, radiopharmaceutical manufacturers and clinics). This paper explores the importance of radioactivity measurement in nuclear medicine and demonstrates how traceability can be extended from international standards to the quantity of the drug administered to the patient.

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Section: National Comparisons For Clinicsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: National Comparisons For Clinicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceability in nuclear medicine

Zimmerman

Judge

2007

Metrologia

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“…Curva representativa da sensibilidade da câmara de ionização para Curva representativa da sensibilidade da câmara de ionização para137 Cs e sua função ajustada FIGURA 33: Curva representativa da sensibilidade da câmara de ionização para241 Am e sua função ajustada40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Altura da câmara de ionização (mm) Para a avaliação de um emissor , foi feita a opção pelo 241 Am, devido à necessidade de avalia-se a sensibilidade para emissores de baixa energia (59,5 keV) e também devido à quantidade de fontes provenientes de detectores de fumaça (DF) e de pára-raios radioativos (PRR), pois, atualmente a GRR mantém armazenadas cerca de 120.000 fontes provenientes de PRR removidas desse tipo de captor. Para a avaliação foi utilizada uma FRS com cerca de 11,1 GBq, que é apresentada na FIG.…”

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“…de todas as fontes de incertezas que possam contribuir para a realização de uma determinada medição ou conjunto de medições. Essas fontes podem originar incertezas do tipo A e B, que são então correlacionadas por uma , onde as incertezas envolvidas são aceitáveis para essa aplicação[38,39,40,41,42].Com base nesses fatores, foram selecionadas algumas FRS, emissoras alfa, beta e gama, mais utilizadas na pesquisa, medicina e indústria e cujos RN representassem maior fração no inventário de FRS recebidas pela GRR.…”

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Desenvolvimento de metodologia para a caracterização de fontes radioativas seladas

Ferreira¹

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Luzes que me guiam pelos caminhos da Harmonia, do AMOR e daFelicidade. AgradecimentosPrimeiro e acima de tudo, a Deus, a quem não preciso solicitar explicações sobre os fatos da vida humana. Ao Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, pela oportunidade na realização deste trabalho. Ao Dr. Nilson Dias Vieira Júnior, superintendente do IPEN, pelo apoio à GRR, durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Ao gerente da Gerência de Rejeitos Radioativos -GRR, Dr. Julio Takehiro Marumo pelo apoio oferecido. Ao Dr. José Claudio Dellamano pela orientação, apoio, mas principalmente pela paciência e amizade, qualidades que foram tão importantes durante o decorrer deste trabalho. Ao Dr. Roberto Vicente, que inspirou parte importante na elaboração deste estudo.ABSTRACT Sealed radioactive sources are widely used in many applications of nuclear technology in industry, medicine, research and others. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) estimates tens of millions sources in the world. In Brazil, the number is about 500 thousand sources, if the Americium-241 sources present in radioactive lightning rods and smoke detectors are included in the inventory. At the end of the useful life, most sources become disused, constitute a radioactive waste, and are then termed spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS). In Brazil, this waste is collected by the research institutes of the Nuclear Commission of Nuclear Energy and kept under centralized storage, awaiting definition of the final disposal route. The Waste Management Laboratory (WML) at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute is the main storage center, having received until July 2010 about 14.000 disused sources, not including the tens of thousands of lightning rod and smoke detector sources. A program is underway in the WML to replacing the original shielding by a standard disposal package and to determining the radioisotope content and activity of each one. The identification of the radionuclides and the measurement of activities will be carried out with a well type ionization chamber. This work aims to develop a methodology for measuring or to determine the activity SSRS stored in the WML accordance with its geometry and determine their uncertainties.

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