Comparisons between rumination and worry in a non-clinical population

Watkins, Ed; Moulds, Michelle L.; Mackintosh, Bundy

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.11.008

Cited by 302 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is thought that rumination and worry share the same process of negative repetitive thought (Segerstrom et al, 2000;Watkins et al, 2005), differing in content according to their principal associations with depression and anxiety, respectively (McLaughlin et al, 2007). Ehring and Watkins (2008) proposed that negative repetitive thinking is a transdiagnostic process that perpetuates a large range of Axis 1 disorders.…”

Section: Negative Repetitive Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Vorontsova¹,

Garety²,

Freeman³

2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Depression is common in people with schizophrenia, but how it might directly contribute to the persistence of psychotic symptoms has rarely been tested. The key aim of the present study was to test whether depression and associated cognitive processes predict the maintenance of persecutory delusions. Three groups of participants were tested at baseline: 60 patients with persecutory delusions in the context of a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, 30 patients with depression, and 30 nonclinical controls. They completed interviewer and self-report assessments of depression and paranoia, and measures of six cognitive factors (schematic beliefs, experiential avoidance, autobiographical memory, problem solving, rumination, worry style). The patients with persecutory delusions were then assessed again, six months later. It was found that 50% of the patients with persecutory delusions met diagnostic criteria for major depression. Cognitive processes found to be associated with depression across the groups were negative schematic beliefs about the self, experiential avoidance and rumination, but not autobiographical memory or problem solving. The severity of initial depression in patients with persecutory delusions predicted the persistence of paranoia over six months. A number of cognitive factors also predicted the persistence of persecutory delusions, including negative schematic beliefs about the self, worry, and problem-solving difficulties. In conclusion, depression is common in patients with current persecutory delusions, and it shows similar cognitive features to major depressive disorder. The results of this study indicate that depression and related processes may contribute to the maintenance of paranoia. Trials are warranted of depression-related therapeutic techniques for people with persecutory delusions.

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Section: Negative Repetitive Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Vorontsova¹,

Garety²,

Freeman³

2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…The rationale for collapsing worrisome and ruminative thoughts into a single phenomenal category is corroborated by studies showing no differences between these two processes on their impact on appraisals and strategies (e.g., Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000;Watkins, Moulds, & Mackintosh, 2005) and by the incremental benefits of using perseverative cognition as a transdiagnostic symptom (McEvoy, Watson, Watkins, & Nathan, 2013;Spinhoven, Drost, van Hemert, & Penninx, 2015). In Ottaviani et al (2013), participants performed a low-demanding tracking task before and after a perseverative cognition induction in which they were asked to recall a past or future personally relevant negative event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder

Ottaviani

Watson

Meeten

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder.Biological Psychology http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.biopsycho.2016.06.009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  Trait worry was inversely related with prefrontal deactivation to target detection. HRV predicted neural activation changes produced by attentional focus switching. A worry induction increased pre-to post-target deactivation of default mode areas. The induction reduced behavioural and neurobiological differences between groups. AbstractGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by difficulties in inhibiting both perseverative thoughts (worry and rumination) and autonomic arousal. We investigated the neurobiological substrates of such abnormal inhibitory processes, hypothesizing aberrant functional coupling within 'default mode' (DMN) and autonomic brain networks. Functional imaging and heart rate variability (HRV) data were acquired from GAD patients and controls during performance of three tracking tasks interspersed with a perseverative cognition (PC) induction. After detection of infrequent target stimuli, activity within putative DMN hubs was suppressed, consistent with a redirection of attentional resources from internal to external focus. This magnitude of activity change was attenuated in patients and individuals with higher trait PC, but was predicted by individual differences in HRV. Following the induction of PC in controls, this pattern of neural reactivity became closer to that of GAD patients. Results support, at a neural level, the association between cognitive inflexibility and autonomic rigidity.

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“…van der Heiden et al (2010) used worry as the primary outcome variable given that their focus was on the core feature of GAD. However, recent research has suggested that worry shares many features with other forms of RNT, including depressive rumination and post-event processing (McEvoy et al, 2010;Watkins, Moulds, & Mackintosh, 2005). Watkins et al (2005) found that worry, which is typically studied within the context of GAD, and rumination, which is commonly studied within the context of depression, were more similar than different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, recent research has suggested that worry shares many features with other forms of RNT, including depressive rumination and post-event processing (McEvoy et al, 2010;Watkins, Moulds, & Mackintosh, 2005). Watkins et al (2005) found that worry, which is typically studied within the context of GAD, and rumination, which is commonly studied within the context of depression, were more similar than different. These forms of RNT have been found to be associated with various emotional disorders cross-sectionally, experimentally, and longitudinally (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000;NolenHoeksema & Morrow, 1993;Nolen-Hoekseema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008;Borkovec, Alcaine, & Behar, 2004;McEvoy et al, 2009), and there is evidence that they are associated with symptoms of multiple emotional disorders (McEvoy & Brans, 2013;Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intolerance of uncertainty and negative metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic mediators of repetitive negative thinking in a clinical sample with anxiety disorders

McEvoy

Mahoney

2013

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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This study aimed to replicate and extend a hierarchical model of vulnerability to worry, with neuroticism and extraversion as higher-order factors and negative metacognitions and intolerance of uncertainty as second-order factors. The model also included a transdiagnostic measure of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and depression symptoms as outcome variables to determine whether relationships would extend beyond worry, which has traditionally been studied within the context of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Participants (N = 99) were referrals to a specialist anxiety disorders clinic with a principal anxiety disorder who completed a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing neuroticism, extraversion, metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty, worry, RNT, and depression symptoms.Mediational analyses using bootstrapping provided support for transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific mediation effects. Negative metacognitions fully mediated the relationship between neuroticism and RNT for the whole sample and for subsamples with and without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Intolerance of uncertainty mediated the relationship between neuroticism and worry (for the whole sample and for those with GAD) and between neuroticism and RNT (for those with GAD).Implications for theory, treatment, and nosology are discussed.

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Comparisons between rumination and worry in a non-clinical population

Cited by 302 publications

References 18 publications

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder

Intolerance of uncertainty and negative metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic mediators of repetitive negative thinking in a clinical sample with anxiety disorders

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