Comparison the effects and side effects of Covid-19 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a systematic scoping review

Abstract

Covid-19 is a pandemic disease that is more severe and mortal in people with immunodeficiency, such as those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, no definitive treatment has been identified for it and the best way to control it is wide spread vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and side effects of different vaccines in patients with IBD. Three Electronic databases [Medline (accessed from PubMed), Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane] were searched systematically without time limit, using MESH terms and the related keywords in English language. We focused on the research studies on the effect and side effects of Covid-19 vaccination in patients with IBD. Articles were excluded if they were not relevant, or were performed on other patients excerpt patients with IBD. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The full texts of the remained studies were evaluated by authors, independently. Then, the studies' findings were assessed and reported. Finally, after reading the full text of the remained articles, 15 ones included in data extraction. All included studied were research study, and most of them (12/15) had prospective design. Totally, 8/15 studies were performed in single-center settings. In 8/15 studies, patients with IBD were compared with a control group. The results were summarized the in two categories: (1) the effect of vaccination, and (2) side effects. The effect of vaccination were assessed in 13/15 studies. Side effects of Covid-19 vaccination in patients with IBD were reported in 7/15 studies. Patients with IBD can be advised that vaccination may have limited minor side effects, but it can protect them from the serious complications of Covid-19 and its resulting mortality with a high success rate. They should be also mentioned in booster doses.

COVID-19 Immunization Rates in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…It is noteworthy that there is evidence of lower vaccine uptake among patients undergoing steroid or biological therapy; our systematic review also elucidates the reasons behind this hesitancy, with patients expressing fears about vaccine effectiveness and the potential for severe side effects, such as exacerbation of the underlying disease [24][25][26][27]33]. Indeed, the safety profile of vaccination in individuals receiving immunosuppressive treatment is comparable to that in healthy subjects; similarly, while slightly reduced in immunocompromised individuals, the effectiveness remains sufficiently high to safeguard vulnerable patients [4,[13][14][15][16]. In particular, a multicenter Italian study conducted in 2022 interviewed 809 vaccinated IBD patients.…”

“…In light of the increased susceptibility to severe COVID-19, international gastroenterology scientific societies and public health institutions recommend COVID-19 vaccination for patients with IBD and immunocompromised individuals [11,12]. Although phase III trials for COVID-19 vaccines did not include IBD patients or those on immunosuppressive therapies, phase IV studies have shown that the vaccines are highly effective, immunogenic, and safe for this subgroup population [4,[13][14][15][16].…”

Impact of COVID-19 in individuals with and without pre-existent digestive disorders with a particular focus on elderly patients

“…However, no worsening or flare-up of the disease following vaccination has been proved. Thus, vaccines are considered a safe and well-tolerated strategy for IBD patients[ 171 , 172 ].…”