Comparison of ZnO:Al, ITO and carbon nanotube transparent conductive layers in flexible solar cells applications

Sibiński, Maciej; Znajdek, Katarzyna; Walczak, Sylwia; Słoma, Marcin; Górski, Michał; Cenian, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2012.03.037

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For this reason, in each tube, an elevated charge-transfer resistance is created. 34,36 The problem is partially solved by the use of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), which consist of multiple CNTs stacked together.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

245

188

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Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

245

188

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“…Table 4 presents achieved results. All samples showed electrical conductivity and were much above the percolation threshold [11]. Table 4.…”

Section: Novel Carbon Nanotube Contacts For Proposed Devicesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Innovative Elastic Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures

Sibiński¹,

Znajdek²

2011

Solar Cells - Thin-Film Technologies

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“…Since the NIL process is based on direct mechanical deformation, the resolution of nanostructures is not limited to light diffraction or beam scattering, which are common in conventional nanolithography techniques. Due to its great potential in large format micronano pattern fabrication, NIL has been widely researched and has already been developed from platetype NIL [8] to roller-type NIL [9,10] to meet the need for novel applications in manufacturing flexible transparent conductive materials as a substitute for traditional indium tin oxide (ITO), which is vital in flexible electronics such as flexible display panels [11,12], flexible solar cells [13][14][15] and flexible sensors [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal mesh electrode array fabricated by plate-to-roll nanoimprint lithography

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Nanoimprint lithography has long been considered a way of fabricating micronano structures in a high-efficiency manner. Based on this method, various 2D and 3D structures with feature sizes ranging from a few micrometers down to a single nanometer have been demonstrated. Here, we present the mechanical and control system design of recently developed plate-to-roll nanoimprint equipment. To improve the parallelism between the template and the substrate, we propose a three voice coil motor actuated mechanical structure and improved proportion integration differentiation algorithm, which can provide fast response and precise positioning. We used a template with a grooved structure to test the embossing performance. By using the nanoimprint system, an electrode array based on a metal mesh transparent conductive material was fabricated on a flexible substrate, which shows the great potential of this system for the fabrication of flexible devices.

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Comparison of ZnO:Al, ITO and carbon nanotube transparent conductive layers in flexible solar cells applications

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Innovative Elastic Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures

Metal mesh electrode array fabricated by plate-to-roll nanoimprint lithography

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