Comparison of workload consolidation algorithms for cloud data centers

Abstract

Workload consolidation is an important method for the efficient operation of cloud data centers, impacting important quality attributes such as resource utilization and power consumption. Many different approaches have been proposed for workload consolidation, but few comparative studies were executed to date. Therefore, it is unclear which of the proposed approaches work best in which situation. In this article, we present a comprehensive simulation‐based comparison of five workload consolidation techniques. We introduce a general framework for workload consolidation techniques to the DISSECT‐CF simulator to foster the development and comparison of efficient data center consolidation algorithms. We use this framework to evaluate the effectiveness of a first fit best fit decreasing heuristic, a custom heuristic, and three population‐based metaheuristics (genetic algorithm, artificial bee colony, and particle swarm optimization). The evaluation is based on a wide variety of real‐world workload traces. The five algorithms are compared in terms of total energy consumption, the duration of the simulation, and the number of migrations. Based on the results, there is no generally best consolidation technique. The results deliver insight into the pros and cons of the algorithms as well as the impact of different parameters. In particular, the results show that population‐based metaheuristics do not offer a significant gain in terms of solution quality to compensate for the increased simulation time.

BalCon — resource balancing algorithm for VM consolidation

“…Such metaheuristics algorithms include: genetic algorithms [29,30], ant colony optimization [16,31], particle swarm optimization [32], artificial bee colony [33], etc. Typically, the performance of metaheuristics is worse than that of the heuristics in terms of the solvable instance size, parameters dependence, and time complexity [34].…”

FPHO: Fractional Pelican Hawks optimization based container consolidation in CaaS cloud

“…Ponto et al, in Reference 35 presented a detailed study of five consolidation methods which are contrasted by energy usage, simulation time, and migrations. The data show no superior consolidation method.…”