Comparison of wood decay among diverse lignicolous fungi

Worrall, James J.; Anagnost, Susan E.; Zabel, Robert A.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1997.12026772

Cited by 221 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

172

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The interesting choice of fungi provides evidence to explain the mechanisms by which the fungi breach the reaction-zone barrier. Recent work has shown that the cavity-forming soft rot decay process is not exclusive to members of the lower ascomycetes and deuteromycetes, but can be demonstrated in some wood-decay basidiomycetes (Nilsson & Daniel, 1988;Daniel et al, 1992;Schwarze et al, 1995;Worrall et al, 1997;Schwarze & Fink, 1997, 1998. The fungi chosen for this study also demonstrated soft rot capability as a means of bypassing the blocked cell lumina of the reaction zones.…”

Section: Reaction-zone Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 83%

A breakthrough for wood decay fungi

Eaton

2000

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For wood mycologists, the work of Savory (1954a,b) marked an important step in the understanding of decay processes by lignolytic fungi. His description of decay by ascomycete and deuteromycete fungi in wood from industrial water cooling towers revealed a particular pattern observed previously by Bailey & Vestal (1937), Tamblyn (1937) and Barghoorn & Linder (1944) in wood from other situations. This type of decay was termed ‘soft rot’ because of the spongy texture of the wood surface. Soft rot, characterized by hyphal penetration of the wood cell walls in a fashion similar to sap‐stain fungi, results in the formation of decay cavities in the central zone of wood cell walls, which leads to their ultimate destruction. Soft rot was therefore described as distinct from the brown and white rot forms of wood decay normally attributed to lignolytic basidiomycetes and some of the larger ascomycetes, such as members of the Xylariaceae. Indeed, members of the genera Daldinia, Hypoxylon and Xylaria have usually been considered to be white rot fungi. However, the boundaries between these three types of fungal decay have since become less clear‐cut and a report in this issue, of a study into hyphal penetration of the reaction zone in beechwood (Schwarze and Baum, pp. 129–140), identifies different penetration mechanisms.

show abstract

Section: Reaction-zone Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 83%

A breakthrough for wood decay fungi

Eaton

2000

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most remarkable anatomical effect is separation of fibres by dissolution of the middle lamellae. In simultaneous rot, lignin and structural polysaccharides are attacked in more or less similar fashion (Worrall et al 1997;Schwarze and Fink 1998). Wood degradation by I. hispidus in Ailanthus has both a white and soft rot pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present investigation, I. hispidus made similar cavities along the cellulose microfibrils in the secondary walls of the xylem fibres. It was generally not recognised in the past that soft rot is a common feature which has been described for a range of wood-decaying basidiomycetes (Nilsson and Daniel 1988;Daniel et al 1992;Schwarze andFink 1997, 1998;Worrall et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of delignification inAilanthus excelsaRoxb. wood byInonotus hispidus(Bull.: Fr.) Karst.

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pattern of delignification in Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. wood, naturally infected by Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) Karst., was studied by light microscopy. Inonotus hispidus produced a typical pattern of soft rot decay even though it is grouped with white rot basidiomycetes. Fungal hyphae colonised all cell types of the secondary xylem but more damage was observed in xylem fibres. In the early stage, infection commenced on the cell wall corners and middle lamellae of the fibre wall without any pronounced effect on the primary and secondary wall layers. Delignification of fibre wall became apparent when all cell types became completely invaded by fungal hyphae. It started from within the lumina towards the middle lamellae, occurring initially in the immediate vicinity of hyphae growing on the luminal surface by forming an erosion trough. At an advanced stage of decay, localised degradation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose resulted in the formation of small cavities within the secondary walls (S 2 ) of fibres. These cavities were never observed to contain any fungal hyphae. Though the vessels were resistant to infection, xylem rays and fibres were relatively less resistant to attack by I. hispidus. In severe infection, vessel lumens were found to be filled with sclerotic tissue which blocked them, resulting in complete collapse. The formation of cavities and the extent of cell wall damage are described in detail.

show abstract

“…(c) Ustulina deusta defeats reaction zones by a soft-rot mode without significant degradation of polyphenols. Daniel, 1988 ;Daniel et al, 1992 ;Schwarze et al, 1995a ;Schwarze & Fink, 1997Worrall et al, 1997).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of reaction zone penetration by decay fungi in wood of beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Schwarze

Baum

2000

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungal growth within reaction zones of beech (Fagus sylvatica) challenged by three basidiomycetes, Inonotus hispidus, Ganoderma adspersum, Fomitopsis pinicola, and one ascomycete, Ustulina deusta, was studied in naturally colonized and artificially inoculated wood. All the fungi, except F. pinicola, breached reaction zones, but the mechanisms involved were all somewhat different. Both I. hispidus and U. deusta bypassed blocked cell lumina by tunnelling through cell walls (soft-rot mode), but the latter caused far more decomposition of cell walls. Degradation of polyphenols was slight with I. hispidus and absent with U. deusta. By contrast, G. adspersum preferentially degraded the polyphenolic occlusions in the cell lumina. The failure of F. pinicola to invade reaction zones was typical of a brown rot fungus having limited enzymatic potential and a uniform growth pattern. Mechanisms of lesion expansion, illustrated and summarized in schematic diagrams, are consistent with earlier observations that reaction zones in beech sapwood are static boundaries, which may be successfully breached by white and soft-rot fungi.

show abstract

Comparison of wood decay among diverse lignicolous fungi

Cited by 221 publications

References 34 publications

A breakthrough for wood decay fungi

A breakthrough for wood decay fungi

Pattern of delignification inAilanthus excelsaRoxb. wood byInonotus hispidus(Bull.: Fr.) Karst.

Mechanisms of reaction zone penetration by decay fungi in wood of beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About